Marine sponges as pharmacy.
TL;DR: The biological effects of new metabolites from sponges have been reported in hundreds of scientific papers, and they are reviewed here.
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Abstract: Marine sponges have been considered as a gold mine during the past 50 years, with respect to the diversity of their secondary metabolites. The biological effects of new metabolites from sponges have been reported in hundreds of scientific papers, and they are reviewed here. Sponges have the potential to provide future drugs against important diseases, such as cancer, a range of viral diseases, malaria, and inflammations. Although the molecular mode of action of most metabolites is still unclear, for a substantial number of compounds the mechanisms by which they interfere with the pathogenesis of a wide range of diseases have been reported. This knowledge is one of the key factors necessary to transform bioactive compounds into medicines. Sponges produce a plethora of chemical compounds with widely varying carbon skeletons, which have been found to interfere with pathogenesis at many different points. The fact that a particular disease can be fought at different points increases the chance of developing selective drugs for specific targets.
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TL;DR: An antimicrobial peptide, discodermin A, has been isolated from the marine sponge Discodermia kiiensis and showed antimicrobial activity as well as an inhibition of starfish embryo development.
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Marine organisms and other novel natural sources of new cancer drugs.
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Lectin, a possible basis for symbiosis between bacteria and sponges.
TL;DR: The assumption of an interrelationship between the sponge and the bacterium is supported by the results indicating that the Halichondria lectin has no effect on the growth of such bacteria isolated from six other marine sponge species.
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Pre- and postsynaptic serotonergic manipulations in an animal model of depression☆
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Two novel pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids from the Mediterranean sponge Agelas oroides
TL;DR: The pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids cyclooroidin (7) and taurodispacamide A (8) have been isolated from the Mediterranean sponge Agelas oroides, and their structures established from spectroscopic data.
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