Malformed vertebrae: a clinical and imaging review.
Apeksha Chaturvedi,Nina B. Klionsky,Umakanthan Nadarajah,Abhishek Chaturvedi,Steven P. Meyers +4 more
TL;DR: This review article seeks to familiarize the reader with the embryology, normal and variant anatomy of the vertebral column and the imaging appearance and clinical impact of the spectrum of vertebral malformations arising as a consequence of disordered embryological development.
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Abstract: A variety of structural developmental anomalies affect the vertebral column. Malformed vertebrae can arise secondary to errors of vertebral formation, fusion and/or segmentation and developmental variation. Malformations can be simple with little or no clinical consequence, or complex with serious structural and neurologic implications. These anomalies can occasionally mimic acute trauma (bipartite atlas versus Jefferson fracture, butterfly vertebra versus burst fracture), or predispose the affected individual to myelopathy. Accurate imaging interpretation of vertebral malformations requires knowledge of ageappropriate normal, variant and abnormal vertebral morphology and the clinical implications of each entity. This knowledge will improve diagnostic confidence in acute situations and confounding clinical scenarios. This review article seeks to familiarize the reader with the embryology, normal and variant anatomy of the vertebral column and the imaging appearance and clinical impact of the spectrum of vertebral malformations arising as a consequence of disordered embryological development. Teaching points • Some vertebral malformations predispose the affected individual to trauma or myelopathy.
• On imaging, malformed vertebrae can be indistinguishable from acute trauma.
• Abnormalities in spinal cord development may be associated and must be searched for.
• Accurate interpretation requires knowledge of normal, variant and abnormal vertebral morphology.
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Incidence of Congenital Spinal Abnormalities Among Pediatric Patients and Their Association With Scoliosis and Systemic Anomalies.
Peter G. Passias,Gregory W. Poorman,Cyrus M. Jalai,Bassel G. Diebo,Shaleen Vira,Samantha R. Horn,Joseph F. Baker,Kartik Shenoy,Saqib Hasan,John A. Buza,Wesley H Bronson,Justin C. Paul,Ian D. Kaye,Norah A. Foster,Ryan T. Cassilly,Jonathan H. Oren,Ronald Moskovich,Breton Line,Cheongeun Oh,Shay Bess,Virginie Lafage,Thomas J. Errico +21 more
TL;DR: These patients continue to be at a very high, and maybe higher than previously thought, risk for comorbidities that can cause devastating perioperative complications if not detected preoperatively, and full MRI workups should be considered in all patients with spinal abnormalities.
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The role of radiography in the study of spinal disorders.
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TL;DR: The aim of this article is to review the radiologic indications of radiograph in different pathologic conditions that affect the spine, including congenital, traumatic, degenerative, inflammatory, infectious and tumour disorders, as well as their main radiographic manifestations.
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Anatomical Variations That Can Lead to Spine Surgery at The Wrong Level: Part II Thoracic Spine.
Manan Shah,Dia R Halalmeh,Aubin Sandio,R. Shane Tubbs,R. Shane Tubbs,R. Shane Tubbs,Marc D Moisi +6 more
TL;DR: An extensive literature search of the PubMed database up to 2019 was completed on each of the anatomical entities and their influence on developing thoracic spine surgery at the wrong level, taking into consideration patient’s individual factors.
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The value of magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography in the study of spinal disorders
TL;DR: In this paper , the clinical indications of CT and MRI in different pathologic conditions affecting the spine, including congenital, traumatic, degenerative, inflammatory, infectious and tumor disorders, as well as their main imaging features.
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