Major Shifts in Glial Regional Identity Are a Transcriptional Hallmark of Human Brain Aging.

TL;DR: A single-cell transcriptome atlas of the entire adult Drosophila melanogaster brain sampled across its lifespan is presented, allowing comprehensive exploration of all transcriptional states of an entire aging brain.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors used multiple integrated approaches, including RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), mass spectrometry, electrophysiology, immunohistochemistry, serial block-face-scanning electron microscopy, morphological reconstructions, pharmacogenetics, and diffusible dye, calcium, and glutamate imaging, to directly compare adult striatal and hippocampal astrocytes under identical conditions.

TL;DR: A single-cell transcriptomic atlas of the aging mouse brain reveals coordinated and cell-type-specific aging signatures across multiple cell populations, and highlights key molecular processes, including ribosome biogenesis, underlying brain aging.

TL;DR: It is found that alterations to astrocytes in aging create an environment permissive to synapse elimination and neuronal damage, potentially contributing to aging-associated cognitive decline.

TL;DR: These findings call into question the concept of a “glial” cell class as the gene profiles of astrocyte and oligodendrocytes are as dissimilar to each other as they are to neurons, for better understanding of neural development, function, and disease.

TL;DR: It is proposed that downstream topographical biomarkers of the disease, such as volumetric MRI and fluorodeoxyglucose PET, might better serve in the measurement and monitoring of the course of disease.

TL;DR: Heterozygous rare variants in TREM2 are associated with a significant increase in the risk of Alzheimer's disease.

TL;DR: Evidence supporting a long, complex cellular phase consisting of feedback and feedforward responses of astrocytes, microglia, and vasculature is reviewed.