Magnesium-induced assembly of a complete DNA polymerase catalytic complex.

TL;DR: Transient electron densities indicate that deprotonation and an accompanying C2′-endo to C3″-endo conversion of the nucleophile 3′-OH are rate limiting and may be an unappreciated feature of the two-metal-ion mechanism.

TL;DR: High-resolution X-ray crystallographic analysis of a DNA polymerase that catalyzes replication in crystals observes that a C•A mismatch can mimic the shape of cognate base pairs at the site of incorporation, providing structural evidence for the rare tautomer hypothesis of spontaneous mutagenesis.

TL;DR: Telomere length has been shown to be positively associated with nutritional status in human and animal studies, and dysfunction of telomeres is linked to age-related pathologies like cardiovascular disease, Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease and cancer.

TL;DR: This work employs natural substrates (correct and incorrect nucleotides) and follows product formation in real time with 15 different crystal structures to observe molecular adjustments at the active site that hasten correct nucleotide insertion and deter incorrect insertion not appreciated previously.

TL;DR: The methods presented in the chapter have been applied to solve a large variety of problems, from inorganic molecules with 5 A unit cell to rotavirus of 700 A diameters crystallized in 700 × 1000 × 1400 A cell.

TL;DR: The MOLSCRIPT program as discussed by the authors produces plots of protein structures using several different kinds of representations, including simple wire models, ball-and-stick models, CPK models and text labels.

TL;DR: Geometrical validation around the Cα is described, with a new Cβ measure and updated Ramachandran plot, and Favored and allowed ϕ,ψ regions are also defined for Pro, pre‐Pro, and Gly (important because Gly ϕ‐ψ angles are more permissive but less accurately determined).

TL;DR: A combinatorial disulfide cross-linking strategy was used to prepare a stalled complex of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase with a DNA template:primer and a deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP), and the crystal structure of the complex was determined at a resolution of 3.2 angstroms.