Macrophage PPARγ, a Lipid Activated Transcription Factor Controls the Growth Factor GDF3 and Skeletal Muscle Regeneration.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that by using a bioactive hydrogel iii (HAMC) as the cell delivery vehicle, it is possible to improve MuSC transplantation outcomes, and thereby reduce the overall number of required MuSCs, and shed light on the diversity and intercommunication of cells present in skeletal muscle.

TL;DR: Aged microplastics loaded with triclosan exacerbate oxidative stress and neurotoxicity in Xenopus tadpoles via increased bioaccumulation, highlighting the need to consider combined toxicity of microplastics and contaminants in aquatic environments.

TL;DR: Aging impairs muscle regeneration by altering macrophage dynamics and anti-oxidant selenoprotein P expression, leading to inefficient resolution of inflammation and impaired support of muscle stem cells, which can be restored by young bone marrow transplantation.

TL;DR: GDF3 promotes age-related inflammation in adipose tissue macrophages by altering chromatin accessibility and phosphorylating SMAD2/3, exacerbating endotoxemia-induced inflammation and mortality in older organisms, highlighting a potential therapeutic target for mitigating age-related inflammation.

TL;DR: The generation of mice that express Cre in myeloid cells due to targeted insertion of the cre cDNA into their endogenous M lysozyme locus is reported, allowing for both specific and highly efficient Cre–mediated deletion of loxP–flanked target genes in myELoid cells.

TL;DR: It is shown that mice with macrophage-specific deletion of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) are required for maturation of alternatively activated macrophages, and gene expression profiling revealed that downregulation of oxidative phosphorylation gene expression in skeletal muscle and liver leads to decreased insulin sensitivity in these tissues.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the nuclear receptor PPARγ is induced in human monocytes following exposure to oxLDL and is expressed at high levels in the foam cells of atherosclerotic lesions, and it is suggested that endogenous PParγ ligands may be important regulators of gene expression during atherogenesis.

TL;DR: These data provide the first clear evidence that functionally distinct subpopulations of macrophages exist in the same tissue and that these macrophage play critical roles in both the injury and recovery phases of inflammatory scarring.