Journal Article10.1038/NN2014
Local self-renewal can sustain CNS microglia maintenance and function throughout adult life.
Bahareh Ajami,Jami Bennett,Charles Krieger,Charles Krieger,Wolfram Tetzlaff,Fabio M.V. Rossi +5 more
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TL;DR: No evidence of microglia progenitor recruitment from the circulation in denervation or CNS neurodegenerative disease is found, suggesting that maintenance and local expansion ofmicroglia are solely dependent on the self-renewal of CNS resident cells in these models.
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Abstract: Microgliosis is a common response to multiple types of damage in the CNS. However, the origin of the cells involved in this process is still controversial and the relative importance of local expansion versus recruitment of microglia progenitors from the bloodstream is unclear. Here, we investigated the origin of microglia using chimeric animals obtained by parabiosis. We found no evidence of microglia progenitor recruitment from the circulation in denervation or CNS neurodegenerative disease, suggesting that maintenance and local expansion of microglia are solely dependent on the self-renewal of CNS resident cells in these models.
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Exploring the full spectrum of macrophage activation.
TL;DR: This Review suggests a new grouping of macrophages based on three different homeostatic activities — host defence, wound healing and immune regulation, and proposes that similarly to primary colours, these three basic macrophage populations can blend into various other 'shades' of activation.
Fate Mapping Analysis Reveals That Adult Microglia Derive from Primitive Macrophages
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TL;DR: Results identify microglia as an ontogenically distinct population in the mononuclear phagocyte system and have implications for the use of embryonically derived microglial progenitors for the treatment of various brain disorders.
Physiology of Microglia
TL;DR: Current studies indicate that even in the normal brain, microglia have highly motile processes by which they scan their territorial domains, and microglial cells are considered the most susceptible sensors of brain pathology.
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Development of Monocytes, Macrophages, and Dendritic Cells
TL;DR: The current understanding of myeloid lineage development is reviewed and the developmental pathways and cues that drive differentiation are described, which are central to the development of immunologic memory and tolerance in mice.
Fate Mapping Reveals Origins and Dynamics of Monocytes and Tissue Macrophages under Homeostasis
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TL;DR: A fate-mapping study of the murine monocyte and macrophage compartment taking advantage of constitutive and conditional CX(3)CR1 promoter-driven Cre recombinase expression is reported, establishing that short-lived Ly6C(+) monocytes constitute obligatory steady-state precursors of blood-resident Ly 6C(-) cells and that the abundance of Ly6 C(+) blood monocytes dynamically controls the circulation lifespan of their progeny.
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Resting Microglial Cells Are Highly Dynamic Surveillants of Brain Parenchyma in Vivo
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Microglia: a sensor for pathological events in the CNS
TL;DR: An understanding of intercellular signalling pathways for microglia proliferation and activation could form a rational basis for targeted intervention on glial reactions to injuries in the CNS.
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ATP mediates rapid microglial response to local brain injury in vivo
Dimitrios Davalos,Jaime Grutzendler,Jaime Grutzendler,Guang Yang,Jiyun Kim,Yi Zuo,Steffen Jung,Dan R. Littman,Michael L. Dustin,Wen-Biao Gan +9 more
TL;DR: Extracellular ATP regulates microglial branch dynamics in the intact brain, and its release from the damaged tissue and surrounding astrocytes mediates a rapid microglia response towards injury.
A clonogenic common myeloid progenitor that gives rise to all myeloid lineages
TL;DR: The prospective identification, purification and characterization, using cell-surface markers and flow cytometry, of a complementary clonogenic common myeloid progenitor that gives rise to all myeloids lineages is reported.
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