Liquid-Phase Catalytic Processing of Biomass-Derived Oxygenated Hydrocarbons to Fuels and Chemicals
TL;DR: An overview of chemical catalytic transformations of biomass-derived oxygenated feedstocks (primarily sugars and sugar-alcohols) in the liquid phase to value-added chemicals and fuels, with specific examples emphasizing the development of catalytic processes based on an understanding of the fundamental reaction chemistry is given in this article.
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Abstract: Biomass has the potential to serve as a sustainable source of energy and organic carbon for our industrialized society. The focus of this Review is to present an overview of chemical catalytic transformations of biomass-derived oxygenated feedstocks (primarily sugars and sugar-alcohols) in the liquid phase to value-added chemicals and fuels, with specific examples emphasizing the development of catalytic processes based on an understanding of the fundamental reaction chemistry. The key reactions involved in the processing of biomass are hydrolysis, dehydration, isomerization, aldol condensation, reforming, hydrogenation, and oxidation. Further, it is discussed how ideas based on fundamental chemical and catalytic concepts lead to strategies for the control of reaction pathways and process conditions to produce H(2)/CO(2) or H(2)/CO gas mixtures by aqueous-phase reforming, to produce furan compounds by selective dehydration of carbohydrates, and to produce liquid alkanes by the combination of aldol condensation and dehydration/hydrogenation processes.
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![Figure 4. Overall carbon yield (YC) in the aqueous phase versus time for aldol condensation of HMF with acetone (molar ratio of 1:1) at 326 K in the presence of 5 wt% Pd/MgO-ZrO2 catalyst followed by hydrogenation at 393 K. (Adapted from Ref. [38].)](/figures/figure-4-overall-carbon-yield-yc-in-the-aqueous-phase-versus-33mdkr5w.webp)
Citations
Motor Fuels From Biomass Pyrolysis
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TL;DR: Different pyrolysis techniques for converting solid biomass material into liquid fuels that can be used in combustion motors are described and compared in this article, and the quality of the oil as produced in the pyroglysis step is evaluated, and the range of different possible applications is emphasized
37
Two-dimensional polymer-based nanosheets for electrochemical energy storage and conversion
TL;DR: In this article, the recent progress in synthetic approach and characterization of 2D polymer-based nanosheets were summarized, and their current advances in electrochemical energy storage and conversion including second batteries, supercapacitors, oxygen reduction and hydrogen evolution were discussed systematically.
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Effects of biomass inorganics on rhodium catalysts: I. Steam methane reforming
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of inorganics commonly found in biomass, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Si, P, and S, on rhodium catalysts was investigated using steam methane reforming (SMR) as a model system.
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New role of chromium fluoride: Its catalytic action on the synthesis of hydroxymethylfurfural in ionic liquid using raw plant biomass and characterization of biomass hydrolysis
TL;DR: In this paper, a simple two-step process was conducted to scrutinize new catalytic action of chromium fluoride (CrF 3 ) by evaluating its effect on the yield of hydroxylmethylfurfural (HMF) in ionic liquid (1-octyl-3methylimidazolium chloride) using raw tapioca root biomass with high starch, and hydrolysis efficiency of the biomass extract was characterized by FT-IR spectrometry and FESEM image analysis.
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Ubiquitous aluminum alkyls and alkoxides as effective catalysts for glucose to HMF conversion in ionic liquids
Dajiang Liu,Eugene Y.-X. Chen +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the molecular structure of [EMIM]-[ClAlMe(BHT)2]−, formed upon mixing the alkylaryloxy aluminum MeAl(BHP)2 and the IL [EEMIM]Cl, has been determined by X-ray diffraction; the structure simulates that of the metallate [C+C+[CrCl3]-, the proposed active species responsible for the effective glucose to HMF conversion by CrCl2 in [EIM]-Cl.
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Top Value Added Chemicals from Biomass: Volume I -- Results of Screening for Potential Candidates from Sugars and Synthesis Gas
Todd A Werpy,G. Petersen +1 more
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identified twelve building block chemicals that can be produced from sugar via biological or chemical conversions, and the twelve building blocks can be subsequently converted to a number of high-value bio-based chemicals or materials.
Production of dimethylfuran for liquid fuels from biomass-derived carbohydrates
TL;DR: This catalytic strategy for the production of 2,5-dimethylfuran from fructose (a carbohydrate obtained directly from biomass or by the isomerization of glucose) for use as a liquid transportation fuel may diminish the authors' reliance on petroleum.
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Liquid-phase catalytic processing of biomass-derived oxygenated hydrocarbons to fuels and chemicals.
TL;DR: An overview of chemical catalytic transformations of biomass-derived oxygenated feedstocks in the liquid phase to value-added chemicals and fuels is presented, with specific examples emphasizing the development of catalytic processes based on an understanding of the fundamental reaction chemistry.
Production of Liquid Alkanes by Aqueous-Phase Processing of Biomass-Derived Carbohydrates
TL;DR: Liquid alkanes with the number of carbon atoms ranging from C7 to C15 were selectively produced from biomass-derived carbohydrates by acid-catalyzed dehydration, which was followed by aldol condensation over solid base catalysts to form large organic compounds.