Open Access
Linking N2O emissions from biochar-amended soil to the structure and function of the N-cycling microbial community
Johannes Harter,Hans Martin Krause,Stefanie Schuettler,Reiner Ruser,Markus Fromme,Thomas Scholten,Andreas Kappler,Sebastian Behrens +7 more
- 01 May 2014
pp 4929
480
TL;DR: It is found that biochar addition enhanced microbial nitrous oxide reduction and increased the abundance of microorganisms capable of N2-fixation, suggesting a mechanistic link to the observed reduction in N2O emissions.
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Abstract: Nitrous oxide (N2O) contributes 8% to global greenhouse gas emissions. Agricultural sources represent about 60% of anthropogenic N2O emissions. Most agricultural N2O emissions are due to increased fertilizer application. A considerable fraction of nitrogen fertilizers are converted to N2O by microbiological processes (that is, nitrification and denitrification). Soil amended with biochar (charcoal created by pyrolysis of biomass) has been demonstrated to increase crop yield, improve soil quality and affect greenhouse gas emissions, for example, reduce N2O emissions. Despite several studies on variations in the general microbial community structure due to soil biochar amendment, hitherto the specific role of the nitrogen cycling microbial community in mitigating soil N2O emissions has not been subject of systematic investigation. We performed a microcosm study with a water-saturated soil amended with different amounts (0%, 2% and 10% (w/w)) of high-temperature biochar. By quantifying the abundance and activity of functional marker genes of microbial nitrogen fixation (nifH), nitrification (amoA) and denitrification (nirK, nirS and nosZ) using quantitative PCR we found that biochar addition enhanced microbial nitrous oxide reduction and increased the abundance of microorganisms capable of N2-fixation. Soil biochar amendment increased the relative gene and transcript copy numbers of the nosZ-encoded bacterial N2O reductase, suggesting a mechanistic link to the observed reduction in N2O emissions. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the impact of biochar on the nitrogen cycling microbial community and the consequences of soil biochar amendment for microbial nitrogen transformation processes and N2O emissions from soil.
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Citations
Redox Properties of Plant Biomass-Derived Black Carbon (Biochar)
TL;DR: Electrochemical, elemental, and spectroscopic analyses of the thermosequence chars provide evidence that the pool of redox-active moieties is dominated by electron-donating, phenolic moieties in the low-HTT chars, and by electron accepting quinones and possibly condensed aromatics in the high- HTT chars.
Microbial regulation of terrestrial nitrous oxide formation: understanding the biological pathways for prediction of emission rates
TL;DR: It is argued that it is urgently necessary to incorporate microbial traits into biogeochemical ecosystem modeling in order to increase the estimation reliability of N2O emissions and proposed a molecular methodology oriented framework from gene to ecosystem scales for more robust prediction and mitigation of future N1O emissions.
674
Effects of biochar on soil available inorganic nitrogen: A review and meta-analysis
Thi Thu Nhan Nguyen,Thi Thu Nhan Nguyen,Cheng-Yuan Xu,Cheng-Yuan Xu,Cheng-Yuan Xu,Iman Tahmasbian,Rongxiao Che,Rongxiao Che,Zhihong Xu,Xuhui Zhou,Helen M. Wallace,Shahla Hosseini Bai,Shahla Hosseini Bai +12 more
TL;DR: In this article, a meta-analysis of 56 studies with 1080 experimental cases from manuscripts published between 2010 and 2015 was conducted to investigate how biochar properties and the interaction among biochar, soil and fertilisation affect SIN.
567
Rapid electron transfer by the carbon matrix in natural pyrogenic carbon
Tianran Sun,Barnaby D.A. Levin,Juan J. L. Guzman,Akio Enders,David A. Muller,Largus T. Angenent,Largus T. Angenent,Johannes Lehmann +7 more
TL;DR: This study shows that environmentally relevant pyrogenic carbon with average H/C and O/C ratios of less than 0.35 can directly transfer electrons more than three times faster than the charging and discharging cycles of surface functional groups and have a 1.5 V potential range for biogeochemical reactions that invoke electron transfer processes.
Biochar as an Electron Shuttle between Bacteria and Fe(III) Minerals
Andreas Kappler,Marina Lisa Wuestner,Alexander Ruecker,Johannes Harter,Maximilian Halama,Sebastian Behrens +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors demonstrate that biochar concentrations of 5 and 10 g L−1 stimulate both the rate and the extent of microbial reduction of the Fe(III) oxyhydroxide mineral ferrihydrite (15 mM) by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1.
511
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