Lightning Parameters for Engineering Applications

TL;DR: In this article, a model of lightning-channel progression towards the Earth is given based on the latest knowledge on the physics of discharge in long air gaps, and the physical assessment of the electric field is done with the charge simulation method, which is adopted to input into a computer program all parameters involved in the progression of the negative downward channels toward the Earth and those involved in inception and propagation of upward positive channels from earthed structures.

TL;DR: In this article, a methodology was proposed and applied to determine the variation of soil resistivity and permittivity in the typical range of lightning current frequency components, and the response of horizontal electrodes buried in high and low-resistivity soils subjected to currents with lightning waveform patterns was measured and also simulated, taking this variation into account.

TL;DR: In this article, a study was carried out to assess the determinants of household food security among rural households in Sekyere-Afram Plains District of Ghana, where data were collected from 100 randomly selected households through the use of structured questionnaires.