Left atrial phasic function interacts to support left ventricular filling during exercise in healthy athletes

TL;DR: Atrial fibrillation resulted in a significant reduction in performance, an increase in HR and development of abnormal QRS complexes during exercise, which may be a risk factor for collapse or sudden cardiac death.

TL;DR: The purpose of this review is to present the key physiological principles of cardiopulmonary interaction as they pertain to resting and exercising hemodynamics in healthy humans, and the clinical implications of adverse cardiopULmonary interaction during exercise in COPD, pulmonary hypertension and heart failure.

TL;DR: Regular physical exercise results in marked LA and LV remodeling with considerable gender differences as explored by 3D echocardiography, and more pronounced LA dilation and lower resting functional measures are associated with better exercise performance.

TL;DR: In healthy adults without pulmonic stenosis, systolic pressure gradients develop during exercise, and the magnitude is related to the blood flow rate.

TL;DR: Recommendations for the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function by echocardiography are made and further research is needed to determine the best method for this evaluation.

TL;DR: The assessment of left ventricular (LV) diastolic function and filling pressures is of paramount clinical importance to distinguish this syndrome from other diseases such as pulmonary disease resulting in dyspnea, to assess prognosis, and to identify underlying cardiac disease and its best treatment.

TL;DR: A critical appraisal of current echocardiographic techniques for the assessment of LA function and the implications of such assessment for prediction and disease prevention are provided.

TL;DR: Acute LV regional ischemia increases LA stiffness and impairs LA reservoir function by reducing LV base descent and two (early and late) reservoir phases are determined by LA contraction and relaxation andLV base descent.