Learning styles and attitudes towards active learning of students at different levels in Ethiopia

TL;DR: The effect two individual midwives had on Margaret Murphy's evolution as a midwife will be examined.

TL;DR: The similarity of IQ in twins reared apart certainly supports the view that genes have influence, and adoption studies suggest a more modest, but still hugely important, approach to intelligence.

TL;DR: In this article, a hierarchical analysis of variance (ANOVA) is proposed to automatically give the correct ANOVA comparisons even in complex scenarios, where inferences for all means and variances are performed under a model with a separate batch of effects for each row of the ANOVA table.

Abstract: • Albert Bandura was the major motivator behind social learning theory. One of the main things that he was concerned with was how cognitive factors influence development, but he confined his approach to the behavioural tradition. Bandura called his theory a social cognitive theory. Like other behaviourists, Bandura believes that cognitive development alone cannot explain changes in behaviour in childhood and he believed that learning processes are primarily responsible for children's development. However, he felt quite strongly that the cognitive abilities of the child affect learning processes. This, he feels, is especially true of the more complex types of learning. So, how does Bandura handle the child's learning? Observational Learning • The problem, Bandura left, with classical and operant conditioning is that it has great difficulty explaining how it is that children acquire new behaviours simply by watching someone else and copying them. Also, a child does not have to be reinforced herself for the behaviour to be learned, it is enough for the child to see someone else being rewarded. Neither of these can be satisfactorily explained by a type of learning (like operant conditioning) that relies on the child experiencing the direct consequences of her actions. Bandura could explain this easily by proposing a different type of learning: observational learning. Bandura claimed that children's learning is heavily reliant on observation. Who do children observe and model themselves on? Initially parents and siblings and eventually friends, teachers, sporting heroes, TV characters. .. even cartoon characters! Just about anyone will do! So, Bandura would claim that the child who has seen her parents being kind and caring, giving to charity, caring for the environment, being kind to animals, will tend to be the same. However, the child who has seen problems being faced with violence, arguments occurring, wrongdoing being punished by hitting, will tend to grow up to be more aggressive etc. They will learn violent ways of addressing the world. Grusec et al (1978) found telling children to be generous made no difference, showing generosity did make a difference though. This is evidence that " do as I say not as I do " will not work. the most powerful of these influencing factors is Reward. Bandura called this vicarious (substituted) reinforcement. What he meant is that the child observes someone else being rewarded for a particular behaviour and this affects the child in the same way as it …

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine the evidence for the effectiveness of active learning and define the common forms of activelearning most relevant for engineering faculty and critically examine the core element of each method, finding broad but uneven support for the core elements of active, collaborative, cooperative and problem-based learning.

TL;DR: Teaching by Principles: An Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy, Third Edition, by H. Douglas Brown, is a widely acclaimed methodology text used in teacher education programs around the world.

TL;DR: A self-scoring web-based instrument called the Index of Learning Styles that assesses preferences on four scales of the learning style model developed in the paper currently gets about 100,000 hits a year and has been translated into half a dozen languages.