Layout Rules for Graphical Web Documents
TL;DR: This paper presents layout guidelines for textual and graphical, static and dynamic, 2-D and 3-D Web documents which are drawn from fields as diverse as typography, Gestalt psychology, architecture, hypertext authoring, and human-computer interaction.
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About: This article is published in Computers & Graphics. The article was published on 01 May 1996. and is currently open access. The article focuses on the topics: Hypertext & VRML.
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Figures
Figure 3: a) Objects forming closed shapes belong together; b) Similar objects belong together. 
Figure 2: a) If the shape of a button is too simple the user associates no special information with it; b) a good shape expresses the functionality of the button well; c) if the shape is too complex, the user might forget its meaning. 
Figure 4: Examples for the law of unity: a) unstructured boxes lead to uncertainty about the functionality, e.g., about the semantics of the third “submit” button; b) rearranging in lines gives a clearer layout already; c) finally, using frames to group objects leads to obvious semantics. 
Figure 5: a) Intersecting lines, or double wedge? In case of ambiguity objects are perceived to form the simplest shapes possible. b) We try to map objects to things we know. 
Figure 6: a) No indentation leads to a text sequence badly structured and hard to read; b) indenting text forms several groups that are perceived as belonging together. 
Figure 8: A ’simple’ tree-like structure of a book-oriented Web document
Citations
How physical text layout affects reading from screen
TL;DR: A synthesis of results is offered which provides alternative interpretations of some findings and identifies the number of characters per line as the critical variable in looking at line length.
A Bibliography of Publications about SGML, the Standard Generalized Markup Language: 1981{1999
Nelson H. F. Beebe
- 01 Jan 2014
Abstract: Kirstein.
The legibility of screen formats: Are three columns better than one?
Mary C. Dyson,Gary J. Kipping +1 more
TL;DR: An experiment that tested the ease of reading specific formats that could be used for on-line publications, such as magazines, showed that paging is faster than scrolling and a single wide column is read faster than three columns.
75
Understanding the user experience of location-based services: five principles of perceptual organisation applied
Jeni Paay,Jesper Kjeldskov +1 more
TL;DR: It is argued that the user experience of location-based services can be understood through Gestalt theory's five principles of perceptual organisation: proximity, closure, symmetry, continuity and similarity, and that these principles assist us in explaining the interplay between context and technology in the users' experience.
The influence of color grouping on users’ visual search behavior and preferences
TL;DR: How the various colors and color pairs used as grouping factors affect the visual search process and direct manipulation activities in the context of toolbar-like graphical panels is investigated.
28
References
Orality and literacy : the technologizing of the word
TL;DR: Hartley as discussed by the authors discusses the psychodynamics of orality of language in the context of the oral past and present, and the evolution of the human mind from oral to written language.
The World-Wide Web
TL;DR: The World Wide Web (W3) as mentioned in this paper is a pool of human knowledge that allows collaborators in remote sites to share their ideas and all aspects of a common project, which is the basis of the Web.
Extending Fitts' law to two-dimensional tasks
I. Scott MacKenzie,William Buxton +1 more
- 01 Jun 1992
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that Fitts' law can break down and yield unrealistically low ratings for a task's index of difficulty (ID), and the Shannon formulation is shown to partially correct this problem.
Rapid controlled movement through a virtual 3D workspace
Jock D. Mackinlay,Stuart K. Card,George G. Robertson +2 more
- 01 Sep 1990
TL;DR: A new technique for targeted viewpoint movement that is rapid motion over distances that slows as the viewpoint approaches the target object, and can be used with 2D and multidimensional input devices and extended to move objects in the workspace.
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