Open Access
Knowledge versus Data.
Gio Wiederhold
- 01 Jan 1985
pp 77-82
25
TL;DR: In this article, the authors define the terms knowledge and data as complements of each other and define a distinction between general concepts and specific instances, which is visible in most systems where general concepts are used to control or abstract object instances.
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Abstract: This note defines the terms knowledge and data as complements of each other. Knowledge identifies information about general concepts, data is information about specific instances. The distinction is visible in most systems where general concepts are used to control or abstract object instances. The distinction is essential to select an architecture for large systems, and to deal with update issues. There remains some context dependence, so that knowledge in one model may become data for another model.
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Citations
•Proceedings Article
Knowledge-based Integrity Constraint Validation
Xiaolei Qian,Gio Wiederhold +1 more
- 25 Aug 1986
TL;DR: This paper proposes a transformational mechanism which exploits knowledge about the application domain and database organization to reformulate integrity constraints into semantically equivalent ones from which efficient code can be generated.
An effective method for integrity constraint simplification
Xiaolei Qian
- 01 Feb 1988
TL;DR: The method is both a uniform generalization of previous research and a basis for examining arbitrary update transactions, and covers a wider range of update transactions and integrity constraints, and explores more optimization opportunities with no more effort.
48
A semiotics framework for information systems classification and development
Terence M. Barron,Roger H. L. Chiang,Veda C. Storey +2 more
- 01 Feb 1999
TL;DR: An analytical framework based on a theoretical foundation, called Semiotics (the theory of signs) to understand, classify and compare information systems of various generations should simplify subsequent discussions and considerations in building new generations of information systems with complicated functions and capabilities.
48
•Proceedings Article
Integrity Constraint Reformulation for Efficient Validation
Xiaolei Qian,Douglas R. Smith +1 more
- 01 Sep 1987
TL;DR: A constraint reformulation approach to rfficicnt constraint validation that formalizes the reformulation of an integrity constraint as a tree-starch process where the search space is a set of all semantic-equivalent alternatives of the original constraint.
Partitioning and composing knowledge
TL;DR: This paper argues for an approach which places the management of large knowledge bases into a comprehensive, engineering-oriented framework, and reports on an initial demonstration of these concepts, and finds that in the past issues related to knowledge maintenance have been ignored.
21
References
•Proceedings Article
Choosing a View Update Translator by Dialog at View Definition Time
Arthur M. Keller
- 25 Aug 1986
TL;DR: This work considers the problem of updating databases through views composed of selections, projections, and joins of a series of Boyce-Codd Normal Form relations and proposes that these semantics be obtained at view definition time.
Knowledge and Database Management
TL;DR: Artificial intelligence techniques are effective in dealing with the complexity of large databases and their use can move well-understood human decision-making processes into the computer system.
63
•Proceedings Article
Knowledge-based Integrity Constraint Validation
Xiaolei Qian,Gio Wiederhold +1 more
- 25 Aug 1986
TL;DR: This paper proposes a transformational mechanism which exploits knowledge about the application domain and database organization to reformulate integrity constraints into semantically equivalent ones from which efficient code can be generated.
An effective method for integrity constraint simplification
Xiaolei Qian
- 01 Feb 1988
TL;DR: The method is both a uniform generalization of previous research and a basis for examining arbitrary update transactions, and covers a wider range of update transactions and integrity constraints, and explores more optimization opportunities with no more effort.
48
A semiotics framework for information systems classification and development
Terence M. Barron,Roger H. L. Chiang,Veda C. Storey +2 more
- 01 Feb 1999
TL;DR: An analytical framework based on a theoretical foundation, called Semiotics (the theory of signs) to understand, classify and compare information systems of various generations should simplify subsequent discussions and considerations in building new generations of information systems with complicated functions and capabilities.
48
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