Ketamine abuse potential and use disorder

TL;DR: Clinical guidance based on the latest evidence and clinical experience is provided to help mental health practitioners implement esketamine nasal spray into everyday clinical practice.

TL;DR: Alleviating morphine-induced itching while sustaining its analgesic efficacy: Esketamine has the potential to effectively relieve morphine-induced itching without compromising its analgesic effects.

TL;DR: Electroacupuncture was found to ameliorate neurodegeneration in the LC and enhance neurobehavioral symptoms, which may be attributed to its modulation of the CAMKII/CREB pathway, thereby mitigating the aforementioned adverse effects.

TL;DR: This review attempted to consolidate available data and provide insight into recreational drug use among youths and found that further population-based epidemiological studies are needed to provide necessary guidelines.

TL;DR: The enormous number of studies to be covered in this review prevented in‐depth discussion of many methodological, pharmacological or neurobiological aspects, so the presentation of data had to be limited to a short and condensed summary of the most relevant findings.

TL;DR: A theoretical overview of some critical issues relevant to conditioned place preference is provided and it seems clear that CPP measures a learning process that is fundamentally distinct from drug self-administration.

TL;DR: A method has been developed which permits monkeys to self-administer drug solutions, at will, through indwelling intravenous catheters as mentioned in this paper, and monkeys developed psychological dependence on morphine, codeine, cocaine, d-amphetamine, pentobarbital, ethanol, and caffeine.

TL;DR: An operant behavioral study on morphine addiction utilized a self-injection technique for giving intravenous injections to relatively unrestrained rats, finding that Morphine was a reinforcer that produced almost immediate satiation.