What is the general noise model for ring oscillators?

The general noise model, based on the ISF, was applied to the case of ring oscillators, resulting in a closed-form expression for the phase noise and jitter of ring oscillators [(6), (23), (34)].

How many stages should be used to reduce the noise?

Hence if the 1 noise corner is not large, and/or proper symmetry measures have been taken, the minimum number of stages (three or four) should be used to give the best performance.

What is the phase noise of the ring oscillators?

Ring oscillators with a different number of stages were designed with roughly constant oscillation frequency and total power dissipation.

What is the value of the phase noise of a differential MOS ring oscillator?

Using (16), the expression for the phase noise of the differential MOS ring oscillator is(34)and is given by(35)Equations (34) and (35) are valid in both long- and shortchannel regimes of operation with the right choice ofNote that, in contrast with the single-ended ring oscillator, a differential oscillator does exhibit a phase noise and jitter dependency on the number of stages, with the phase noisedegrading as the number of stages increases for a given frequency and power dissipation.

What is the total current noise on each single-ended node?

The total current noise on each single-ended node is given by(33)where is the load resistor, for a balanced stage in the long-channel limit and in the short-channel regime.

What is the effect of asymmetry of rising and falling edges?

As shown in Appendix B, asymmetry of the rising and falling edges degrades phase noise and jitter by increasing the 1 corner frequency.

What is the coefficient of the drain current noise in a CMOS device?

The coefficient is 2/3 for long-channel devices in the saturation region and typically two to three times greater for shortchannel devices [18].

What is the jitter of a ring oscillator?

In practice, both correlated and uncorrelated sources exist in a circuit, and hence a log–log plot of the timing jitter versus the measurement delayfor an open-loop oscillator will demonstrate regions with slopes of 1/2 and 1, as shown in Fig.

What is the effect of the tail current noise in the vicinity of even harmonics?

Tail noise in the vicinity of even harmonics can be significantly reduced by a variety of means, such as with a series inductor or a parallel capacitor.

Open AccessJournal Article10.1109/4.766813

Jitter and phase noise in ring oscillators

Ali Hajimiri, +2 more

- 01 Jun 1999

- IEEE Journal of Solid-state Circuits

- Vol. 34, Iss: 6, pp 790-804

1.1K

TL;DR: A companion analysis of clock jitter and phase noise of single-ended and differential ring oscillators is presented in this paper, where the impulse sensitivity functions are used to derive expressions for the jitter.

Abstract: A companion analysis of clock jitter and phase noise of single-ended and differential ring oscillators is presented. The impulse sensitivity functions are used to derive expressions for the jitter and phase noise of ring oscillators. The effect of the number of stages, power dissipation, frequency of oscillation, and short-channel effects on the jitter and phase noise of ring oscillators is analyzed. Jitter and phase noise due to substrate and supply noise is discussed, and the effect of symmetry on the upconversion of 1/f noise is demonstrated. Several new design insights are given for low jitter/phase-noise design. Good agreement between theory and measurements is observed.

AI Agents for this Paper

Find similar papers on Google Scholar, PubMed and Arxiv
Write a critical review of this paper
Analyze citations of this paper to find unaddressed research gaps

Most frequently asked questions

1. What are the contributions in "Jitter and phase noise in ring oscillators" ?

A companion analysis of clock jitter and phase noise of single-ended and differential ring oscillators is presented.

2. What is the drain current noise spectral density for CMOS transistors?

For CMOS transistors, the drain current noise spectral density is given by(17)where is the zero-bias drain source conductance, is the mobility, is the gate-oxide capacitance per unit area,and are the channel width and length of the device, respectively, and is the gate voltage overdrive.

3. Why is the differential ring oscillator preferred in IC’s?

the differential ring oscillator may still be preferred in IC’s because of the lower sensitivity to substrate and supply noise, as well as lower noise injection into other circuits on the same chip.

4. Why do the widths of the lobes decrease as the transitions become larger?

the widths of the lobes of the ISF decrease as becomes larger, since each transition occupies a smaller fraction of the period.

Fig. 16. RMS jitter versus measurement interval for the four-stage, 2.8-GHz differential ring oscillator (oscillator number 12).

Fig. 9. RMS values of the ISF’s for various differential ring oscillators versus number of stages.

Fig. 12. Inverter stages for (a) inverter-chain ring oscillators, (b) current-starved inverter-chain ring oscillators, and (c) differential ringoscillators.

Fig. 1. Five-stage inverter-chain ring oscillator.

Citations

•Dissertation

Theory, design and implementation of an IF cancellation module for use in a stepped frequency continuous wave ground penetrating radar

Christian Frederick Zietsman

- 01 Jan 2004

TL;DR: It was concluded that the device that cancels the leakage signal between the transmit and receive antenna in a Stepped Frequency Continuous Wave Ground Penetrating Radar could be integrated into the SFCW GPR and that it would achieve an increase in the instantaneous dynamic range.

...read moreread less

Proceedings Article•10.1109/ICM.2011.6177355

An analytical model of the oscillation period for tri-state inverter based DCO

Mehdi Terosiet, +3 more

- 19 Dec 2011

TL;DR: In this paper, an analytical expression of the tuned period as a function of design and technology parameters is proposed for a tri-state inverter-based DCO, and a sizing methodology for the CMOS implementation of such a DCO is proposed.

...read moreread less

Proceedings Article•10.1109/ASQED.2009.5206286

Statistical model for ring oscillator phase noise variability accounting for within-die process variation

Faizal Khalek, +2 more

- 15 Jul 2009

TL;DR: In this paper, an analytical model for the phase noise variability in ring oscillators is proposed and verified using Monte Carlo SPICE simulations for an industrial 65-nm CMOS technology and is found in good agreement.

...read moreread less

Proceedings Article•10.1109/VLSID.2019.00026

MOS Varactor RO Architectures in Near Threshold Regime Using Forward Body Biasing Techniques

Lalit Mohan Dani, +2 more

- 01 Jan 2019

TL;DR: This paper proposes different architectures using MOS Varactor SERO (VBRO) that gives high oscillation frequency, wide tuning range, low area and power consumption without degrading the phase noise as compared to existing VCO topologies in NTV regime.

...read moreread less

•Proceedings Article•10.1109/EDSSC.2005.1635295

A 5Gbit/s CMOS Clock and Data Recovery Circuit

Tan Kok-Siang, +4 more

- 19 Dec 2005

TL;DR: This paper presents a half-rate 5Gb/s clock and data recovery circuit that provides practically no systematic offset for the frequency band of interest and exhibits an RMS jitter of ±1.2 ps and a peak-to-peak jitters of 5ps.

...read moreread less

...

Expand

References

•Journal Article•10.1109/4.658619

A general theory of phase noise in electrical oscillators

Ali Hajimiri, +1 more

- 01 Feb 1998

- IEEE Journal of Solid-state Circuits

TL;DR: In this paper, a general model is introduced which is capable of making accurate, quantitative predictions about the phase noise of different types of electrical oscillators by acknowledging the true periodically time-varying nature of all oscillators.

...read moreread less

2.4K

Journal Article•10.1109/4.165341

A PLL clock generator with 5 to 110 MHz of lock range for microprocessors

Ian A. Young, +3 more

- 19 Feb 1992

TL;DR: In this paper, an analog phase-locked loop (PLL) was used for deskewing the internal logic control lock to an external system lock, achieving a clock skew of less than 0.1 ns for a 50-MHz system clock frequency.

...read moreread less

468

Journal Article•10.1109/4.262000

Precise delay generation using coupled oscillators

J.G. Maneatis, +1 more

- 01 Dec 1993

TL;DR: In this paper, a delay generator based on a series of coupled ring oscillators has been developed; it produces precise delays with sub-gate delay resolution for chip testing applications, achieving a delay resolution equal to a buffer delay divided by the number of rings.

...read moreread less

399

Journal Article•10.1109/4.585289

Jitter in ring oscillators

John A. McNeill

- 01 Jun 1997

- IEEE Journal of Solid-state Circuits

TL;DR: A major contribution is the identification of a design figure of merit /spl kappa/, which is independent of the number of stages in the ring, used to relate fundamental circuit-level noise sources (such as thermal and shot noise) to system-level jitter performance.

...read moreread less

357

Proceedings Article•10.1109/ISCAS.1994.409188

Analysis of timing jitter in CMOS ring oscillators

T.C. Weigandt, +2 more

- 30 May 1994

TL;DR: The effects of thermal noise in transistors on timing jitter in CMOS ring-oscillators composed of source-coupled differential resistively-loaded delay cells is investigated and the relationship between delay element design parameters and the inherent thermal noise-induced jitter of the generated waveform are analyzed.

...read moreread less

314

...

Expand

Jitter and phase noise in ring oscillators

Chat with Paper

AI Agents for this Paper

Most frequently asked questions

1. What are the contributions in "Jitter and phase noise in ring oscillators" ?

2. What is the drain current noise spectral density for CMOS transistors?

3. Why is the differential ring oscillator preferred in IC’s?

4. Why do the widths of the lobes decrease as the transitions become larger?

5. What is the general noise model for ring oscillators?

6. How many stages should be used to reduce the noise?

7. What is the phase noise of the ring oscillators?

8. What is the value of the phase noise of a differential MOS ring oscillator?

9. What is the total current noise on each single-ended node?

10. What is the effect of asymmetry of rising and falling edges?

11. What is the coefficient of the drain current noise in a CMOS device?

12. What is the jitter of a ring oscillator?

13. What is the effect of the tail current noise in the vicinity of even harmonics?

Figures

Citations

Theory, design and implementation of an IF cancellation module for use in a stepped frequency continuous wave ground penetrating radar

An analytical model of the oscillation period for tri-state inverter based DCO

Statistical model for ring oscillator phase noise variability accounting for within-die process variation

MOS Varactor RO Architectures in Near Threshold Regime Using Forward Body Biasing Techniques

A 5Gbit/s CMOS Clock and Data Recovery Circuit

References

A general theory of phase noise in electrical oscillators

A PLL clock generator with 5 to 110 MHz of lock range for microprocessors

Precise delay generation using coupled oscillators

Jitter in ring oscillators

Analysis of timing jitter in CMOS ring oscillators

Related Papers (5)

A general theory of phase noise in electrical oscillators

Phase Noise and Jitter in CMOS Ring Oscillators

A simple model of feedback oscillator noise spectrum

Phase noise in oscillators: a unifying theory and numerical methods for characterization

Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits