Invasive potential of bacterial isolates associated with subclinical bovine mastitis

TL;DR: Results indicated that DHA may attenuate LPS-stimulated inflammatory response in bMEC by suppressing NF-κB activation through a mechanism partly dependent on PPARγ activation.

TL;DR: Staphylococcal enterotoxins can directly lead to cellular apoptosis of bMECs in bovine mastitis associated with S. aureus, and a certain dose of rSEH is effective at inducing bM ECs apoptosis in vitro.

Abstract: The qualified presumption of safety (QPS) approach was developed to provide a regularly updated generic pre-evaluation of the safety of biological agents, intended for addition to food or feed, to support the work of EFSA's Scientific Panels. The QPS approach is based on an assessment of published data for each agent, with respect to its taxonomic identity, the body of relevant knowledge, safety concerns and occurrence of antimicrobial resistance. Safety concerns identified for a taxonomic unit (TU) are, where possible, confirmed at the species/strain or product level and reflected by 'qualifications'. In the period covered by this statement, no new information was found that would change the status of previously recommended QPS TUs. Schizochytrium limacinum, which is a synonym for Aurantiochytrium limacinum, was added to the QPS list. Of the 78 microorganisms notified to EFSA between October 2020 and March 2021, 71 were excluded; 16 filamentous fungi, 1 Dyella spp., 1 Enterococcus faecium, 7 Escherichia coli, 1 Streptomyces spp., 1 Schizochytrium spp. and 44 TUs that had been previously evaluated. Seven TUs were evaluated: Corynebacterium stationis and Kodamaea ohmeri were re-assessed because an update was requested for the current mandate. Anoxybacillus caldiproteolyticus, Bacillus paralicheniformis, Enterobacter hormaechei, Eremothecium ashbyi and Lactococcus garvieae were assessed for the first time. The following TUs were not recommended for QPS status: A. caldiproteolyticus due to the lack of a body of knowledge in relation to its use in the food or feed chain, E. hormaechei, L. garvieae and K. ohmeri due to their pathogenic potential, E. ashbyi and C. stationis due to a lack of body of knowledge on their occurrence in the food and feed chain and to their pathogenic potential. B. paralicheniformis was recommended for the QPS status with the qualification 'absence of toxigenic activity' and 'absence of genetic information to synthesize bacitracin'. (C) 2021 European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Journal published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of European Food Safety Authority.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that baicalin reduced the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-β, and IL-6 by inhibiting NF-κB and p38 phosphorylation and mRNA expression in the mammary gland with S. aureus mastitis.

TL;DR: The DNA-based identification of the mastitis species was mostly successful and specific primer pairs for these species and genera were constructed.

TL;DR: The recurrent subclinical infection may result from this intracellular existence of bacteria that are protected from host defenses and effects of antibiotics.

TL;DR: The source of infection, the ease of laboratory identification, and the practices used to manage clinical and subclinical mastitis for these two staphylococcal categories makes this a convenient separation.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the hsp60 gene may be an efficient alternative target for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies on members of these genera Staphylococcus and Macrococcus.