1. What were the main themes and goals of Palestinian filmmakers in the 1960s and 1970s?
In the 1960s and 1970s, Palestinian filmmakers aimed to represent Palestinians as agential subjects who sought to determine their own futures. They sought to reflect the complexities of Palestinian refugeehood, striving for political agency, and frustrations at the failure of Arab governments and international organizations to resolve their situation. The relief agencies' films of this period, while still shaped by fundraising, began to reflect these themes. For instance, the Oxfam film 'Until Such a Time' (1970) tells the story of a Gazan college student and ends with a focus on the desire of women like her to contribute to the collective needs of Gazans, hinting at the political conditions that structure daily life. The film 'Gaza Ghetto' (1985) by PeA Holmquist, Joan Mandell, and Pierre Bjorklund, is another example of a film that depicts the daily life of ordinary people and shows how it is shaped by the Israeli occupation, allowing its characters to express themselves politically. These films marked a shift towards a more agential understanding of Palestinian identity and their aspirations for self-determination.
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2. What are the key references for Arab and Palestinian cinema?
The key references for Arab and Palestinian cinema include works by Abu Ali (2008), Abu Ali and Abu Ghanimah (2006), and articles in volume 4 of World Records Journal, which applies Hannah Arendt's thought to documentary film. These references provide a comprehensive understanding of the subject and its theoretical perspectives. Additionally, the discussion of Arab and Palestinian cinema in issue 7/8 of the Lebanese journal Al-Tariq (1972) offers valuable insights into the historical context and development of the cinema in the region. These sources are essential for researchers interested in exploring the cultural, political, and social aspects of Arab and Palestinian cinema.
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