Intestinal microbiota in functional bowel disorders: a Rome foundation report
Magnus Simren,Giovanni Barbara,Harry J. Flint,Brennan Spiegel,Robin C. Spiller,Stephen J. Vanner,Elena F. Verdu,Peter J. Whorwell,Erwin G. Zoetendal +8 more
TL;DR: A critical review of current hypotheses regarding the pathogenetic involvement of microbiota in FGID is provided and the results of microbiota-directed interventions are evaluated and clinical guidance on modulation of gut microbiota in IBS is provided.
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Abstract: It is increasingly perceived that gut host–microbial interactions are important elements in the pathogenesis of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) The most convincing evidence to date is the finding that functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) may develop in predisposed individuals following a bout of infectious gastroenteritis There has been a great deal of interest in the potential clinical and therapeutic implications of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in IBS However, this theory has generated much debate because the evidence is largely based on breath tests which have not been validated The introduction of culture-independent molecular techniques provides a major advancement in our understanding of the microbial community in FGID Results from 16S rRNA-based microbiota profiling approaches demonstrate both quantitative and qualitative changes of mucosal and faecal gut microbiota, particularly in IBS Investigators are also starting to measure host–microbial interactions in IBS The current working hypothesis is that abnormal microbiota activate mucosal innate immune responses which increase epithelial permeability, activate nociceptive sensory pathways and dysregulate the enteric nervous system While we await important insights in this field, the microbiota is already a therapeutic target Existing controlled trials of dietary manipulation, prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics and non-absorbable antibiotics are promising, although most are limited by suboptimal design and small sample size In this article, the authors provide a critical review of current hypotheses regarding the pathogenetic involvement of microbiota in FGID and evaluate the results of microbiota-directed interventions The authors also provide clinical guidance on modulation of gut microbiota in IBS
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Functions of intestinal microflora in children.
TL;DR: A relationship exists between eubiosis and functions and conversely between dysbiosis and dysfunctions or even diseases, which raises the hypothesis to target microflora in order to restore eubiotic through the use of antibiotics, probiotics or nutrients.
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Graphene oxide as an anaerobic membrane scaffold for the enhancement of B. adolescentis proliferation and antagonistic effects against pathogens E. coli and S. aureus.
Hanqing Chen,Di Gao,Di Gao,Bing Wang,Ruifang Zhao,Ming Guan,Lingna Zheng,Xiaoyan Zhou,Zhifang Chai,Weiyue Feng +9 more
TL;DR: Graphene oxide (GO) interaction with five common human gut bacteria was studied to suggest the possibility of using GO sheets as efficient drug carriers in therapeutic applications to treat diseases related to the gut microbiota.
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 in irritable bowel syndrome: An individual subject meta-analysis.
Amélie Cayzeele-Decherf,Fanny Pélerin,Sébastien Leuillet,Benoit Douillard,Béatrice Housez,Murielle Cazaubiel,Gunnard K Jacobson,Peter Jüsten,Pierre Desreumaux +8 more
TL;DR: This meta-analysis supports previous data linking S. cerevisiae I-3856 and improvement of GI symptoms, in IBS overall population and in the IBS-C and Ibs-C ≥ 2 subpopulations.
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Usefulness of Machine Learning-Based Gut Microbiome Analysis for Identifying Patients with Irritable Bowels Syndrome.
Hirokazu Fukui,Akifumi Nishida,Akifumi Nishida,Satoshi Matsuda,Fumitaka Kira,Satoshi Watanabe,Minoru Kuriyama,Kazuhiko Kawakami,Yoshiko Aikawa,Noritaka Oda,Kenichiro Arai,Atsushi Matsunaga,Masahiko Nonaka,Katsuhiko Nakai,Wahei Shinmura,Masao Matsumoto,Shinji Morishita,Aya K. Takeda,Hiroto Miwa +18 more
TL;DR: Gut microbiome analysis using machine learning is useful for identifying patients with IBS and a prediction model based on gut microbiome data after machine learning was validated for its consistency for clinical diagnosis is established.
Identification of a gut microbiota member that ameliorates DSS-induced colitis in intestinal barrier enhanced Dusp6-deficient mice.
Cherng-Shyang Chang,Yi-Chu Liao,Chih-Ting Huang,Chiao-Mei Lin,Chantal Hoi Yin Cheung,Jhen Wei Ruan,Wen-Hsuan Yu,Yi-Ting Tsai,I-Jung Lin,Chien-Hsun Huang,Jong-Shian Liou,Ya-Hsien Chou,Hung-Jen Chien,Hsiao-Li Chuang,Hsueh Fen Juan,Hsuan Cheng Huang,Hong-Lin Chan,Yu-Chieh Liao,Shiue-Cheng Tang,Yu-Wen Su,Tse-Hua Tan,Andreas J. Bäumler,Cheng-Yuan Kao,Cheng-Yuan Kao +23 more
TL;DR: In this article, dual-specificity phosphatase 6 (Dusp6) knockout mice are shown to enhance baseline colon barrier integrity and ameliorate dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colic injury.
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A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing
Junjie Qin,Ruiqiang Li,Jeroen Raes,Manimozhiyan Arumugam,Kristoffer Sølvsten Burgdorf,Chaysavanh Manichanh,Trine Nielsen,Nicolas Pons,Florence Levenez,Takuji Yamada,Daniel R. Mende,Junhua Li,Junming Xu,Shaochuan Li,Dongfang Li,Jianjun Cao,Bo Wang,Huiqing Liang,Huisong Zheng,Yinlong Xie,Julien Tap,Patricia Lepage,Marcelo Bertalan,Jean-Michel Batto,Torben Hansen,Denis Le Paslier,Allan Linneberg,H. Bjørn Nielsen,Eric Pelletier,Pierre Renault,Thomas Sicheritz-Pontén,Keith Turner,Hongmei Zhu,Chang Yu,Shengting Li,Min Jian,Yan Zhou,Yingrui Li,Xiuqing Zhang,Songgang Li,Nan Qin,Huanming Yang,Jian Wang,Søren Brunak,Joël Doré,Francisco Guarner,Karsten Kristiansen,Oluf Pedersen,Julian Parkhill,Jean Weissenbach,Peer Bork,S. Dusko Ehrlich,Jun Wang +52 more
TL;DR: The Illumina-based metagenomic sequencing, assembly and characterization of 3.3 million non-redundant microbial genes, derived from 576.7 gigabases of sequence, from faecal samples of 124 European individuals are described, indicating that the entire cohort harbours between 1,000 and 1,150 prevalent bacterial species and each individual at least 160 such species.
Global patterns of 16S rRNA diversity at a depth of millions of sequences per sample
J. Gregory Caporaso,Christian L. Lauber,William A. Walters,Donna Berg-Lyons,Catherine A. Lozupone,Peter J. Turnbaugh,Noah Fierer,Rob Knight +7 more
TL;DR: This work sequences a diverse array of 25 environmental samples and three known “mock communities” at a depth averaging 3.1 million reads per sample to demonstrate excellent consistency in taxonomic recovery and recapture diversity patterns that were previously reported on the basis of metaanalysis of many studies from the literature.
Dietary Modulation of the Human Colonic Microbiota: Introducing the Concept of Prebiotics
TL;DR: By combining the rationale of pro- and prebiotics, the concept of synbiotics is proposed to characterize some colonic foods with interesting nutritional properties that make these compounds candidates for classification as health-enhancing functional food ingredients.
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Diversity of the human intestinal microbial flora.
Paul B. Eckburg,Elisabeth M. Bik,Charles N. Bernstein,Elizabeth Purdom,Les Dethlefsen,Michael Sargent,Steven R. Gill,Karen E. Nelson,David A. Relman,David A. Relman,David A. Relman +10 more
TL;DR: A majority of the bacterial sequences corresponded to uncultivated species and novel microorganisms, and significant intersubject variability and differences between stool and mucosa community composition were discovered.