Interpersonal chemistry through negativity: Bonding by sharing negative attitudes about others
TL;DR: The authors found that sharing negative attitudes about a target person predicted liking for a stranger more strongly than discovering a shared positive attitude (but only when attitudes were weak) and that positive attitudes about others would be particularly effective in promoting closeness.
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Abstract: We propose that sharing a negative—as compared to a positive—attitude about a third party is particularly effective in promoting closeness between people. Findings from two survey studies and an experiment support this idea. In Studies 1 and 2, participants’ open-ended responses revealed a tendency to recall sharing with their closest friends more negative than positive attitudes about other people. Study 3 established that discovering a shared negative attitude about a target person predicted liking for a stranger more strongly than discovering a shared positive attitude (but only when attitudes were weak). Presumably, sharing negative attitudes is alluring because it establishes in-group/out-group boundaries, boosts self-esteem, and conveys highly diagnostic information about attitude holders. Despite the apparent ubiquity of this effect, participants seemed unaware of it. Instead, they asserted that sharing positive attitudes about others would be particularly effective in promoting closeness.
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Figures

Figure 1. Predicted closeness to partner scores as a function of shared attitude valence and strength (Study 3). 
Table 1. Descriptive statistics and intercorrelations among variables in Studies 1 and 2 
Table 3. Descriptive statistics and intercorrelations among variables in Study 3 
Table 2. Percentages of shared positive and negative person and nonperson attitudes listed in Studies 1 and 2
Citations
Psychological impact of COVID-19 lockdown: An online survey from India.
Sandeep Grover,Swapnajeet Sahoo,Aseem Mehra,Ajit Avasthi,Adarsh Tripathi,Alka Subramanyan,Amrit Pattojoshi,G Prasad Rao,Gautam Saha,Kshirod Kumar Mishra,Kaustav Chakraborty,Naren P. Rao,Mrugesh Vaishnav,Om Prakash Singh,Pronob Kumar Dalal,Rakesh K Chadda,Ravi Gupta,Shiv Gautam,Siddharth Sarkar,TS Sathyanarayana Rao,Vinay Kumar,Y C Janardran Reddy +21 more
TL;DR: The present survey suggests that more than two-fifths of the people are experiencing common mental disorders, due to lockdown and the prevailing COVID-19 pandemic, which suggests that there is a need for expanding mental health services to everyone in the society during this pandemic situation.
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A Social Network Analysis of Positive and Negative Gossip in Organizational Life
TL;DR: In this article, the authors use social network analysis to understand how employees' propensity to engage in positive and negative gossip is driven by their underlying relationship ties, and they find that expressive friendship ties between employees are positively related to engaging in both positive gossip, whereas instrumental workflow ties, which are less trusting than friendship ties, are related solely with positive gossip.
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Who are the objects of positive and negative gossip at work? A social network perspective on workplace gossip
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Dynamics of Opinion Forming in Structurally Balanced Social Networks
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A Social Network Analysis of Positive and Negative Gossip in Organizational Life
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Advances In Experimental Social Psychology
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Fritz Heider
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