Interactions between Roseburia intestinalis and diet modulate atherogenesis in a murine model

TL;DR: This study examines the gut microbiome's impact on systemic inflammation and behavior disorders in CADASIL patients, finding significant differences in the relative abundance of top contributing species between control and case groups in four metabolic pathways.

Abstract: Additional file 1: Supplementary methods. Supplementary results. Figure S1. Number of participants for omics measurements. Figure S2. Microbial community level assessment. (A) α-diversity analyses by carotid artery plaque status. (B) Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) of β-diversity using weighted UniFrac distances. Figure S3. Comparison of Amplicon 16S rRNA Sequencing and Shotgun Metagenomics Sequencing: plaque-associated bacterial genera. Figure S4. Spearman correlations between plaque-associated bacterial species and traditional CVD risk factors. Figure S5. Average relative abundance of plaque-associated species by viral suppression, among women on ART. Figure S6. Differentially abundant species according to Carotid Artery Plaque status, stratified by HIV infection. Figure S7. Correlations between plaque-associated bacterial species and plasma metabolites (A) polar metabolites (B) lipids. Figure S8. Associations between microbial species and plaque status, adjusted for metabolomic profiles. Table S1. Characteristics of study participants. Table S2. Characteristics of women on ART, by viral load. Table S3. Associations of gut microbial species with HIV status. Table S4. Associations of gut microbial species with HIV-specific variables, among women with HIV. Table S5. Associations of gut microbial species with Viral load, among women on ART. Table S6. Associations of bacterial species with Plaque status, stratified by HIV status. Table S7. GMB functional enzymes and carotid artery plaque: enrichment test. Table S8. Associations of proteomic inflammatory markers PLSDA PCs with plaque status, stratified by HIV status. Table S9. Associations of GMB-associated metabolites with Plaque status, stratified by HIV status. Table S10. Correlations between bacterial species and Imidazole propionate. Table S11. Conditional analysis (mutual adjustment) highlight key ImP-associated GMB species out of ImP-correlated species. Table S12. Correlations between ImP associate bacterial species and hutH. Table S13. The presence of hutH in specific species: Sequence Alignment analyses.

TL;DR: This study provides experimental evidence of the auxiliary applicability of PAPS2 in atherosclerosis treatment and shows anti-inflammatory effects partially related to the inhibition of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW 264.7 cells.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors summarize the knowledge about the function of cytokines at mucosal barriers and the interplay between cytokines, barriers, and microbiota and discuss their known and potential implications for atherosclerosis development.

TL;DR: Discovery of a relationship between gut-flora-dependent metabolism of dietary phosphatidylcholine and CVD pathogenesis provides opportunities for the development of new diagnostic tests and therapeutic approaches for atherosclerotic heart disease.

TL;DR: It is shown that a large bowel microbial fermentation product, butyrate, induces the differentiation of colonic Treg cells in mice and ameliorated the development of colitis induced by adoptive transfer of CD4+ CD45RBhi T cells in Rag1−/− mice.

TL;DR: This work uses shotgun sequencing to characterize the faecal metagenome of 145 European women with normal, impaired or diabetic glucose control, and develops a mathematical model based on metagenomic profiles that identified T2D with high accuracy.

TL;DR: Understanding how the diet and nutritional status influence the composition and dynamic operations of the authors' gut microbial communities, and the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system, should help to address several pressing global health problems.