Instrumental developments for in situ breakdown experiments inside a scanning electron microscope

TL;DR: The key questions left unanswered by the Standard Model, and the recent discovery of a Standard Model-like Higgs boson, demand an extension of the research on particle physics to the TeV energy sca as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: Review of electron emission and electrical breakdown in nanogaps summarizes recent theories, experiments, and simulations related to the complete process of electrical breakdown in nanogaps, including electron emission mechanisms, nano-protrusion growth, and plasma formation.

TL;DR: In this article, the breakdown of normal-conducting accelerating structures is investigated and the physics governing the breakdown process and its onset are discussed. But the breakdown is not studied in detail.

TL;DR: Particle accelerators are indispensable tools for probing matter at the smallest scales and the improvements of such tools depend on the progress and understanding of accelerator physics as mentioned in this paper, and the Compa...

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a theoretical analysis of focused ion beams and their application in the field of field ionization and field desorption, as well as practical applications of Focused Ion Beam Optics and Systems.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed the role of field emission in dc and rf breakdown in a simple setup and found that the breakdown field is constant and depends only on the electrode material.

TL;DR: In this paper, a particle-in-cell computer simulation model is presented, which models the plasma developing from a field emitter tip under electrical breakdown conditions, taking into account the relevant physical phenomena, such as melting currents around 0.5 − 1 A/μm 2, evaporation of neutrals to electron field emission ratios in the regime 0.01 − 0.05, plasma buildup timescales in the order of ∼ 1 − 10 ns and two different regimes depending on initial conditions, one producing an arc plasma, the other one not.