Insects Represent a Link between Food Animal Farms and the Urban Environment for Antibiotic Resistance Traits
Ludek Zurek,Anuradha Ghosh +1 more
197
TL;DR: It is proposed that insect management should be an integral part of pre- and postharvest food safety strategies to minimize spread of zoonotic pathogens and antibiotic resistance traits from animal farms.
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Abstract: Antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections result in higher patient mortality rates, prolonged hospitalizations, and increased health care costs. Extensive use of antibiotics as growth promoters in the animal industry represents great pressure for evolution and selection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria on farms. Despite growing evidence showing that antibiotic use and bacterial resistance in food animals correlate with resistance in human pathogens, the proof for direct transmission of antibiotic resistance is difficult to provide. In this review, we make a case that insects commonly associated with food animals likely represent a direct and important link between animal farms and urban communities for antibiotic resistance traits. Houseflies and cockroaches have been shown to carry multidrug-resistant clonal lineages of bacteria identical to those found in animal manure. Furthermore, several studies have demonstrated proliferation of bacteria and horizontal transfer of resistance genes in the insect digestive tract as well as transmission of resistant bacteria by insects to new substrates. We propose that insect management should be an integral part of pre- and postharvest food safety strategies to minimize spread of zoonotic pathogens and antibiotic resistance traits from animal farms. Furthermore, the insect link between the agricultural and urban environment presents an additional argument for adopting prudent use of antibiotics in the food animal industry.
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Citations
Antibiotic Pollution in the Environment: From Microbial Ecology to Public Policy
Susanne A. Kraemer,Arthi Ramachandran,Gabriel G. Perron +2 more
- 22 Jun 2019
TL;DR: This review addresses two broad classes of corollaries of antibiotics overuse and misuse, including the spread of antibiotic resistance from hotspots of resistance evolution to the environment, and the effects of antibiotic pollution independent of resistance Evolution on natural microbial populations, as well as invertebrates and vertebrates.
806
Review of Antimicrobial Resistance in the Environment and Its Relevance to Environmental Regulators
TL;DR: It is argued that the lack of environment-facing mitigation actions included in existing AMR action plans is likely a function of the authors' poor fundamental understanding of many of the key issues and the science to inform policy is lacking and this needs to be addressed.
A systematic review of human pathogens carried by the housefly ( Musca domestica L.)
Faham Khamesipour,Faham Khamesipour,Kamran Bagheri Lankarani,Behnam Honarvar,Tebit Emmanuel Kwenti,Tebit Emmanuel Kwenti +5 more
TL;DR: It was showed that house flies carry a large number of pathogens which can cause serious infections in humans and animals.
Antimicrobial resistance: one world, one fight!
Stéphan Juergen Harbarth,Hanan H. Balkhy,Herman Goossens,Vincent Jarlier,Jan Kluytmans,Ramanan Laxminarayan,Mirko Saam,Alex van Belkum,Didier Pittet +8 more
TL;DR: The need for a "One Health" approach requiring research, surveillance, and interventions across human, veterinary, agricultural and environmental sectors and new tools to provide highly specific diagnoses of pathogens can decrease diagnostic uncertainty and improve clinical management is underlined.
Food Safety Issues Related to Uses of Insects for Feeds and Foods
TL;DR: In this review, evidence on some safety aspects is displayed, and data gaps are identified, and recommendations are given for future research to fill the most relevant data gaps.
206
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