Infective Endocarditis in High-Income Countries
Francesco Nappi,Giorgia Martuscelli,Francesca Bellomo,Sanjeet Singh Avtaar Singh,Marc Moonen +4 more
TL;DR: The determinants of Staphylococcus aureus virulence, interaction with host immunity, as well as the discovery and emergence of a potential vaccine were investigated and the potential role of prophylactic antibiotics during dental procedures was evaluated.
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Abstract: Infective endocarditis remains an illness that carries a significant burden to healthcare resources. In recent times, there has been a shift from Streptococcus sp. to Staphylococcus sp. as the primary organism of interest. This has significant consequences, given the virulence of Staphylococcus and its propensity to form a biofilm, rendering non-surgical therapy ineffective. In addition, antibiotic resistance has affected treatment of this organism. The cohorts at most risk for Staphylococcal endocarditis are elderly patients with multiple comorbidities. The innovation of transcatheter technologies alongside other cardiac interventions such as implantable devices has contributed to the increased risk attributable to this cohort. We examined the pathophysiology of infective endocarditis carefully. Inter alia, the determinants of Staphylococcus aureus virulence, interaction with host immunity, as well as the discovery and emergence of a potential vaccine, were investigated. Furthermore, the potential role of prophylactic antibiotics during dental procedures was also evaluated. As rates of transcatheter device implantation increase, endocarditis is expected to increase, especially in this high-risk group. A high level of suspicion is needed alongside early initiation of therapy and referral to the heart team to improve outcomes.
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Citations
Infective endocarditis in developing countries: An update
Reuben Mutagaywa,J. C. Vroon,L. Fundikira,A. M. Wind,Peter P Kunambi,Joel Manyahi,Apollinary Kamuhabwa,Gideon Kwesigabo,Steven A. J. Chamuleau,Maarten J Cramer,Pilly Chillo +10 more
TL;DR: While the proportion of IE cases caused by Streptococcus and Staphylococcus has increased, the number of NBC and patients getting surgery has decreased and a scarcity of studies on IE in developing countries is shown.
Host–Bacterium Interaction Mechanisms in Staphylococcus aureus Endocarditis: A Systematic Review
TL;DR: A systematic review was conducted using relevant search criteria from PubMed, Ovid's version of MEDLINE, and EMBASE, and data were tabulated from randomized controlled trials (RCT), observational cohort studies, meta-analysis, and basic research articles as mentioned in this paper .
Bridging Molecular and Clinical Sciences to Achieve the Best Treatment of Enterococcus faecalis Endocarditis
Francesco Nappi,Sanjeet Singh Avtaar Singh,Vikram Jitendra,Antonio Fiore +3 more
TL;DR: This work shares an encounter with a case study that concerns an octogenarian who had a TAVI valve and developed endocarditis and conducted a literature review to identify the essential treatment algorithms for such cases.
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Clinical Presentation and Risk Factors of Infective Endocarditis in the Elderly: A Systematic Review
Camelia Melania Budea,Felix Bratosin,Iulia Bogdan,Adrian Vasile Bota,Mirela Turaiche,Livius Tirnea,Carmen Nicoleta Stoica,Andrei Csep,Bogdan Feciche,S. Pescariu,Malina Popa,Adelina Mavrea,Bogdan Andrei Bumbu,S. Bandi,Iosif Marincu +14 more
TL;DR: Infective endocarditis (IE) is a bacterial infection with high morbidity and mortality rates, particularly among the elderly as mentioned in this paper , particularly among those older than 65 years.
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