In the right place at the right time: visualizing and understanding mRNA localization
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TL;DR: The emerging movements and localization patterns of mRNAs in morphologically distinct unicellular organisms and in neurons have illuminated shared and specialized mechanisms of mRNA localization, and this information is complemented by transgenic and biochemical techniques that reveal the biological consequences of mRNA mislocalization.
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Abstract: The spatial regulation of protein translation is an efficient way to create functional and structural asymmetries in cells. Recent research has furthered our understanding of how individual cells spatially organize protein synthesis, by applying innovative technology to characterize the relationship between mRNAs and their regulatory proteins, single-mRNA trafficking dynamics, physiological effects of abrogating mRNA localization in vivo and for endogenous mRNA labelling. The implementation of new imaging technologies has yielded valuable information on mRNA localization, for example, by observing single molecules in tissues. The emerging movements and localization patterns of mRNAs in morphologically distinct unicellular organisms and in neurons have illuminated shared and specialized mechanisms of mRNA localization, and this information is complemented by transgenic and biochemical techniques that reveal the biological consequences of mRNA mislocalization.
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Citations
RNA Imaging with Multiplexed Error-Robust Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (MERFISH).
TL;DR: Multiplexed error-robust fluorescence in situ hybridization (MERFISH) is described, a massively parallelized form of smFISH that can image and identify hundreds to thousands of different RNA species simultaneously with high accuracy in individual cells in their native spatial context.
Spatial organization shapes the turnover of a bacterial transcriptome
Jeffrey R. Moffitt,Jeffrey R. Moffitt,Shristi Pandey,Alistair N. Boettiger,Alistair N. Boettiger,Siyuan Wang,Siyuan Wang,Xiaowei Zhuang,Xiaowei Zhuang +8 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the E. coli transcriptome is spatially organized and suggested that this organization shapes the post-transcriptional dynamics of mRNAs.
Post-transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression and Human Disease
TL;DR: This review summarizes steps in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression that have been linked to disease providing specific examples of some of the many genes affected and recent advances that hold promise for treatment of these diseases are presented.
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Highly specific imaging of mRNA in single cells by target RNA-initiated rolling circle amplification
TL;DR: A robust method for the efficient imaging of mRNA with single-nucleotide and near-single-molecule resolution in single cells is reported.
Multiplexed detection of RNA using MERFISH and branched DNA amplification.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that signal amplification improves MERFISH performance when fewer FISH probes are used for each RNA species, which should allow shorter RNAs to be imaged and extend the range of biological questions that can be addressed by this technique in both cell culture and tissues.
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