Journal Article10.1097/QCO.0000000000000105
Immunotherapy: a potential adjunctive treatment for fungal infection.
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TL;DR: Understanding the fungal pathogenesis and the induction of protective antifungal adaptive immunity has advanced the development of immunotherapeutic strategies and vaccines against invasive and mucosal candidiasis.
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Abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Invasive and mucosal candidiasis are associated with major morbidity in patients with inappropriate host defence mechanisms. This review focuses on recent studies elucidating the immune response against candidiasis and possible immunotherapeutic approaches. RECENT FINDINGS: The last year has seen substantial advances in understanding antifungal immunity. The role of pattern recognition receptors and the Th1 and Th17 immune pathways has been further elucidated. The first genome-wide studies have identified new risk factors for candidaemia. Trials of adjuvant immunotherapy for fungal infections have provided directions for the future. SUMMARY: Understanding the fungal pathogenesis and the induction of protective antifungal adaptive immunity has advanced the development of immunotherapeutic strategies and vaccines against invasive and mucosal candidiasis.
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Citations
Immunity to Fungal Infections
Luigina Romani
- 01 Oct 2004
TL;DR: The nature and function of the immune response to fungi is an exciting challenge that might set the stage for new approaches to the treatment of fungal diseases, from immunotherapy to vaccines.
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Intensive care medicine research agenda on invasive fungal infection in critically ill patients
Matteo Bassetti,José Garnacho-Montero,Thierry Calandra,Bart Jan Kullberg,George Dimopoulos,Elie Azoulay,Arunaloke Chakrabarti,Daniel H. Kett,Cristóbal León,Luis Ostrosky-Zeichner,Maurizio Sanguinetti,Jean-François Timsit,Malcom D. Richardson,Andrew F. Shorr,Oliver A. Cornely +14 more
TL;DR: The clinical studies described in this research agenda should provide a template and set priorities for the clinical investigations that need to be performed over the next decade and their expected outcomes with regard to Candida and Aspergillus infections in non-neutropenic patients in the ICU setting.
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Protective effect of fungal extracellular vesicles against murine candidiasis
Gabriele Vargas,Leandro Honorato,Allan J. Guimarães,Marcio L. Rodrigues,Marcio L. Rodrigues,Flavia C. G. Reis,Andre M. Vale,Anjana Ray,Joshua D. Nosanchuk,Leonardo Nimrichter +9 more
TL;DR: The data indicate that C. albicans EVs are multi-antigenic compartments that activate the innate immune system and could be exploited as vaccine formulations and suggest that fungal EVs could be a safe source of antigens to be exploited in vaccine formulations.
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Promising immunotherapy against fungal diseases.
TL;DR: In conclusion, augmenting immunity by immunotherapeutic interventions may offer future directions to treat IFI, and there is encouraging preliminary data available that such approaches are possible; however, current data is too limited to allow solid conclusions on the risks and benefits in the clinical setting.
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HPV vaccinations: a Middle Eastern and north African dilemma
TL;DR: This patient, with well documented fungal sepsis, showed typical immuno suppression involving defective innate and adaptive immunity, and Interferon-γ and the anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody nivolumab reversed these defects.
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Immunity to Fungal Infections
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TL;DR: The nature and function of the immune response to fungi is an exciting challenge that might set the stage for new approaches to the treatment of fungal diseases, from immunotherapy to vaccines.
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