Immune response to type III group B streptococcal polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine.
Dennis L. Kasper,Lawrence C. Paoletti,Michael R. Wessels,Hilde-Kari Guttormsen,Vincent J. Carey,Harold J. Jennings,Carol J. Baker +6 more
TL;DR: Direct coupling of type III GBS polysaccharide to a carrier protein yielded a conjugate vaccine with preserved expression of a highly labile conformational epitope involving sialic acid and enhanced immunogenicity compared with uncoupled CPS.
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Abstract: Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is an important perinatal pathogen. Because transplacentally acquired maternal antibodies to the GBS capsular polysaccharides (CPS) confer protection, prevention of infant disease may be possible after immunization of women. Unfortunately, the purified CPS of GBS are only variably immunogenic in adults; therefore to enhance immunogenicity we have designed and developed a CPS-protein conjugate vaccine. The lability of a conformationally dependent epitope on the III CPS containing a critical sialic acid residue was important to consider in vaccine design. 100 women were randomized to receive GBS type III CPS-tetanus toxoid conjugate (III-TT) vaccine at one of three doses; unconjugated GBS type III CPS; or saline. Serum samples were obtained before immunization and 2, 4, 8, and 26 wk thereafter, and specific antibody to type III CPS was measured. Vaccines were well tolerated. In sera from recipients of the highest dose of III-TT, CPS-specific IgG levels rose from a geometric mean of 0.09 microg/ml before immunization to 4.53 microg/ml 8 wk later, whereas levels in recipients of unconjugated type III CPS rose from 0.21 microg/ml to 1.41 microg/ml. Lower doses resulted in lower antibody levels. A > or = 4-fold rise in antibody concentration was achieved in 90% of recipients of III-TT compared with 50% of those that received III CPS (P = 0.0015). Antibodies evoked by the conjugate vaccine recognized a conformationally dependent epitope of the III-CPS, promoted opsonophagocytosis and killing of GBS, and, after maternal immunization, protected neonatal mice from lethal challenge with type III GBS. We conclude that directed coupling of type III GBS polysaccharide to a carrier protein yielded a conjugate vaccine with preserved expression of a highly labile conformational epitope involving sialic acid and enhanced immunogenicity compared with uncoupled CPS.
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Citations
Prevention of neonatal group B streptococcal disease.
TL;DR: GBS have become the most common cause of bacterial meningitis and LO sepsis in infants aged younger than 3 months in Korea, and the value of adopting universal maternal screening and IAP as preventive strategies for neonatal GBS disease is still a matter of debate in Korea.
Prospects for preventing infant invasive GBS disease through maternal vaccination.
Shabir A. Madhi,Ziyaad Dangor +1 more
TL;DR: A randomized-controlled trial would, however, be best suited as a vaccine-probe to fully characterize the contribution of GBS to neonatal sepsis associated morbidity and mortality and adverse fetal outcomes.
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Group b streptococcal vaccines
Carol J. Baker,Dennis L. Kasper +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, candidate native polysaccharides from group B Streptococcus (GBS) have been purified, immunochemically and structurally characterized, and employed as immunogen in healthy adult volunteers.
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Antibody Responses in Invasive Group B Streptococcal Infection in Adults
TL;DR: High levels of specific antibodies during the acute phase of invasive group B streptococcus infection in nonpregnant adults may reflect a rapid antibody response to infection or, in some cases, may indicate that susceptibility is due to defects in other immune effectors.
18
Vaccines under development: group B streptococcus, herpes-zoster, HIV, malaria and dengue.
TL;DR: A review of the literature was performed by means of a MEDLINE search on the period 1996 to 2006 for the epidemiology and immunology of these diseases analyzing both the greatest obstacles to creating a vaccine and the current state of research with emphasis on studies in the most advanced stages as discussed by the authors.
16
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Prevention of perinatal group B streptococcal disease : a public health perspective
Anne Schuchat,Cynthia G. Whitney,Kenneth M. Zangwill +2 more
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Abstract: The paper reexamined the inflation threshold that is consistent with sustainable growth in Nigeria, using two separate approaches, namely; the factor-augmented mixed data sampling (FAMIDAS) regression and four versions of the factor-augmented least squares (FALS) regression. Estimating for the period 1991Q1 to 2018Q2, a turning point of about 6-7 per cent was attained, beyond which there exist a significant shift in the inflation-growth relationship in Nigeria. This was further validated with the application of an optimisation technique, within the framework of a third order polynomial FALS regression model, which revealed an optimal point of 9 per cent level of inflation. At this level of inflation, growth is expected to be maximised. In line with these findings, it is recommended that the Management should aim at inflation rate of 9 per cent to maximise growth; be at rest when inflation rate lies within the band of 6 and less than 10 per cent; and tighten monetary policy, when inflation rate gets to 10 per cent and beyond.
Antibody affinity—III the role of multivalence
C L Hornick,F Karuch +1 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that there were strong selective pressures in the evolutionary development of immunoglobulins, for the emergence of mutant heavy chains which could form suitable interchain disulfide linkages which could provide immunity at concentrations several orders of magnitude less.
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Immunization of Pregnant Women with a Polysaccharide Vaccine of Group B Streptococcus
Carol J. Baker,Marcia A. Rench,Morven S. Edwards,Robert J. Carpenter,Bethany M. Hays,Dennis L. Kasper +5 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that maternal immunization is feasible and can provide passive immunity against systemic infection with Type III group B streptococcus in the majority of newborns.
294
Risk factors for group B streptococcal disease in adults
Lisa A. Jackson,Roberta Hilsdon,Monica M. Farley,Lee H. Harrison,Arthur Reingold,Brian D. Plikaytis,Jay D. Wenger,Anne Schuchat +7 more
TL;DR: A casecontrol study comparing nonpregnant adults who had invasive group B streptococcal disease with patients hospitalized for other conditions is done and the implications of these findings for the potential use of future vaccines are discussed.
271
•Journal Article
Guidelines for prevention of group B streptococcal (GBS) infection by chemoprophylaxis
Caroline B. Hall,J. G. Easton,Dan M. Granoff,D. S. Gromisch,Neal A. Halsey,Steve Kohl,Edgar K. Marcuse,Melvin I. Marks,G. A. Nankervis,L. K. Pickering,G. B. Scott,Russell W. Steele,Georges Peter,Kenneth J. Bart,Claire V. Broome,M. C. Hardegree,Richard F. Jacobs,Noni E MacDonald,Walter A. Orenstein +18 more
TL;DR: GBS-associated perinatal mortality and morbidity make prevention strategies imperative and among proposed strategies, only intrapartum maternal chemoprophylaxis has been evaluated for safety and efficacy.
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