Illustrating bias due to conditioning on a collider
Stephen R. Cole,Robert W. Platt,Enrique F. Schisterman,Haitao Chu,Daniel Westreich,David B. Richardson,Charles Poole +6 more
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TL;DR: This work provides two hypothetical examples to convey concepts underlying bias due to conditioning on a collider, or collider-stratification, bias, which is a common effect of a genotype and an environmental factor.
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Abstract: That conditioning on a common effect of exposure and outcome may cause selection, or collider-stratification, bias is not intuitive. We provide two hypothetical examples to convey concepts underlying bias due to conditioning on a collider. In the first example, fever is a common effect of influenza and consumption of a tainted egg-salad sandwich. In the second example, case-status is a common effect of a genotype and an environmental factor. In both examples, conditioning on the common effect imparts an association between two otherwise independent variables; we call this selection bias.
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References
Directed Acyclic Graphs, Sufficient Causes, and the Properties of Conditioning on a Common Effect
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors incorporate sufficient-component causes into the directed acyclic graph (DAG) causal framework in order to make apparent several properties of conditioning on a common effect.
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