How glycan metabolism shapes the human gut microbiota
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TL;DR: How glycans shape the composition of the gut microbiota over various periods of time is described, the mechanisms by which individual microorganisms degrade these glycans, and potential opportunities to intentionally influence this ecosystem for better health and nutrition are described.
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Abstract: In this Review, Martens and colleagues describe how dietary and endogenous glycans shape the composition of the gut microbiota and how individual microorganisms degrade these glycans. They also highlight the potential to influence this ecosystem for better health and nutrition.
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TL;DR: Three robust clusters (referred to as enterotypes hereafter) are identified that are not nation or continent specific and confirmed in two published, larger cohorts, indicating that intestinal microbiota variation is generally stratified, not continuous.
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