Journal Article10.1353/JOD.1998.0051
Horizontal Accountability in New Democracies
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors focus on countries that do qualify as polyarchies, but have weak or intermittent horizontal accountability, which is no mean feat; even some countries that regularly hold elections fail to meet these criteria.
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Abstract: political competition that Dahl stipulates. 1 This is no mean feat; even some countries that regularly hold elections fail to meet these criteria. My focus here, however, is on countries that do qualify as polyarchies, but have weak or intermittent horizontal accountability. This description fits almost every Latin American case except Costa Rica, Uruguay, and (perhaps) Chile, and includes such long-established polyarchies as Colombia and Venezuela. It also describes such new Asian polyarchies as the Philippines, South Korea, and Taiwan, as well as the older Asian polyarchy of India. Finally, the description applies to a number of postcommunist countries that might qualify as polyarchies, such as Croatia, Russia, Slovakia, and Ukraine; and perhaps also to countries, such as the Czech Republic, Poland, and Hungary, which clearly are polyarchies.
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