Homogeneous vs heterogeneous clustered sensor networks: a comparative study

Question

1. What are the contributions mentioned in the paper "Homogeneous vs heterogeneous clustered sensor networks: a comparative study" ?

2. What is the energy required to transmit a packet over distance d from a cluster head?

3. What is the main purpose of a single hop network?

4. What are the salient features of a single hop network?

Accepted Answer

The authors present a cost based comparative study of homogeneous and heterogeneous clustered sensor networks.. The authors first consider single hop clustered sensor networks ( nodes use single hopping to reach the cluster heads ).. The authors use LEACH as the representative single hop homogeneous network, and a sensor network with two types of nodes as a representative single hop heterogeneous network.. For multi-hop homogeneous networks ( nodes use multi-hopping to reach the cluster head ), the authors propose and analyze a multi-hop variant of LEACH that they call M-LEACH.. The authors show that M-LEACH has better energy efficiency than LEACH in many cases.. The authors then compare the cost of multi-hop clustered sensor networks with M-LEACH as the representative homogeneous network, and a sensor network with two types of nodes ( that use in-cluster multi-hopping ) as the representative heterogeneous network.

Accepted Answer

The energy spent on transmitting a packet over distance x within a cluster is l1+µ1xk1 , while the energy required to transmit a packet over distance d from a cluster head to the base station is l2 + µ2dk2 .

Accepted Answer

Since each node has to be capable of acting as a cluster head, it is necessary for each node to have the hardware capable of performing long range transmissions to the remote base station, complex data computations (if required), and co-ordination of MAC and routing within a cluster.

Accepted Answer

Since the cluster head nodes are predetermined, and the sensor nodes use single hop communication to reach the cluster head nodes, the sensor nodes near the periphery of the cluster have the highest energy expenditure among all the sensor nodes.

Accepted Answer

Since all the nodes are identical, the main design objective is to guarantee a certain network lifetime (in terms of number of data gathering cycles), and at the same time ensure that all the nodes expire at about the same time so that there is very little residual energy left behind when the network expires.

Accepted Answer

In general the authors would expect k2 > k1 since the in-cluster communication is likely to be line-of sight, while the communication between the cluster heads and the remote base station is likely to be multi-path [9].

Accepted Answer

Since role rotation ensures that the overall energy expenditure of the network is shared equally by all the nodes, the energy expenditure of each node during each cycle can be obtained by dividing the above expression by n0.

Accepted Answer

Thus the authors obtain:E = T(2l1 + Ef + m1µ2d4n0 + µ1A22m1)(2)Note that in order to ensure effective role rotation, T should be high enough (at least comparable to n0) so that each node is elected as a cluster head at least once.

Accepted Answer

In fact the way the authors of LEACH implement the scheme is by breaking up T cycles into several rounds, each consisting of several cycles.

Accepted Answer

Let m1 be the optimum number of cluster head nodes for these settings (as given by Eq. (19) in [5])1.m1 = √ n0√ 2 √ µ1 µ2 A d2 (1)Let E be the desired battery energy of each of the n0 nodes required for sustaining T data gathering cycles.

Accepted Answer

3 assumed a model of the sensor network where data is gathered in discrete cycles, and their objective is to guarantee T such data gathering cycles.

Accepted Answer

The authors also assume the aggregation model in [5] in which the cluster head node collects all the packets from the nodes in its cluster, and aggregates them into a single packet that is sent to the base station.

Accepted Answer

As a result when a cluster head node fails, all the sensor nodes in that cluster have to be re-assigned to other neighboring clusters.

Homogeneous vs heterogeneous clustered sensor networks: a comparative study

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Most frequently asked questions

1. What are the contributions mentioned in the paper "Homogeneous vs heterogeneous clustered sensor networks: a comparative study" ?

2. What is the energy required to transmit a packet over distance d from a cluster head?

3. What is the main purpose of a single hop network?

4. What are the salient features of a single hop network?

5. What is the main objective of a single hop network?

6. What is the general assumption for the data gathering model?

7. What is the energy expenditure of each node during each cycle?

8. How many nodes are needed to sustain a cluster?

9. How do the authors implement the scheme?

10. What is the optimum number of nodes in the cluster?

11. What is the objective of the authors' model of the sensor network?

12. What is the aggregation model in the LEACH model?

13. What is the worst case scenario of cluster head nodes?

Citations

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Trusted embedded System Operating System (TeSOS) - Study and Design

An efficient multi-level clustering approach using improved ant colony optimization

A power-efficient data gathering scheme on grid sensor networks

Hierarchical flow balancing protocol for data aggregation in wireless sensor networks

References

Wireless sensor networks: a survey

An application-specific protocol architecture for wireless microsensor networks

PEGASIS: Power-efficient gathering in sensor information systems

Directed diffusion for wireless sensor networking

An energy efficient hierarchical clustering algorithm for wireless sensor networks

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