Journal Article10.1007/S11104-010-0511-2
Higher rates of nitrogen fertilization decrease soil enzyme activities, microbial functional diversity and nitrification capacity in a Chinese polytunnel greenhouse vegetable land
Wei-Shou Shen,Wei-Shou Shen,Xiangui Lin,Weiming Shi,Ju Min,Nan Gao,Huayong Zhang,Rui Yin,Xinhua He,Xinhua He +9 more
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TL;DR: It is indicated that a 40% reduction of the conventional N fertilization rate was practical to reduce excess N input while maintaining the sustainability of such greenhouse-based intensive vegetable systems in China’s Yangtze River Delta.
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Abstract: Little is known about effects of high nitrogen (N) fertilization on soil chemical properties, enzyme and microbial activities involved in N and C transformation. Soil EC, pH, mineral N, three enzyme activities, nitrification capacity, and microbial functional diversity were evaluated under conventional N rate (270 or 300 kg N ha−1 season−1, N4), 80% (N3), 60% (N2), 40% (N1) and 0% (N0) of N4 during a 2-year cucumber/tomato rotation in polytunnel greenhouse lands in Eastern China. Soil EC, NH4+-N and NO3−-N were significantly increased, whilst pH, activities of dehydrogenase, urease and neutral phosphatase, nitrification capacity, and microbial functional diversity decreased significantly with N application rate. Microbial diversity indices deducted from the C-source utilization pattern were significantly lower under the highest N4 rate in the same vegetable season, but varied with seasons among N rates. Both principal component analysis and C substrate utilization patterns displayed significant separation of soil microbial communities between the higher N4 or N3 and the lower N0, N1 and N2 rates. Our results indicated that a 40% reduction of the conventional N fertilization rate was practical to reduce excess N input while maintaining the sustainability of such greenhouse-based intensive vegetable systems in China’s Yangtze River Delta.
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Ammonia emissions from paddy fields are underestimated in China.
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TL;DR: Nitrogen application rate was the dominant factor influencing NH3 emission rate, which exponentially increased with the N fertilizer rate, and suggests that mitigation measures for non-point source pollution from cropland should take into account not only the N lost to water, but also to air, thereby improving air quality.
122
Bacterial community composition is shaped by soil secondary salinization and acidification brought on by high nitrogen fertilization rates.
TL;DR: It is suggested that soil secondary salinization and acidification, brought on by high N fertilization rates, may play more important roles than previously thought in shaping the bacterial communities in intensively managed agricultural ecosystems.
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Changes in soil microbial biomass and functional diversity with a nitrogen gradient in soil columns
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98
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