High-Resolution Modeling Assisted Design of Customized and Individualized Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Protocols
TL;DR: The aim of this review is to discuss the incorporation of high‐resolution patient‐specific computer modeling to guide and optimize tDCS.
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Abstract: Objectives: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a neuromodulatory technique that delivers low-intensity currents facilitating or inhibiting spontaneous neuronal activity. tDCS is attractive since dose is readily adjustable by simply changing electrode number, position, size, shape, and current. In the recent past, computational models have been developed with increased precision with the goal to help customize tDCS dose. The aim of this review is to discuss the incorporation of highresolution patient-specific computer modeling to guide and optimize tDCS. Methods: In this review, we discuss the following topics: 1) The clinical motivation and rationale for models of transcranial stimulation is considered pivotal in order to leverage the flexibility of neuromodulation; 2) the protocols and the workflow for developing high-resolution models; 3) the technical challenges and limitations of interpreting modeling predictions; and 4) real cases merging modeling and clinical data illustrating the impact of computational models on the rational design of rehabilitative electrotherapy. Conclusions: Though modeling for noninvasive brain stimulation is still in its development phase, it is predicted that with increased validation, dissemination, simplification, and democratization of modeling tools, computational forward models of neuromodulation will become useful tools to guide the optimization of clinical electrotherapy.
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Citations
The contribution of interindividual factors to variability of response in transcranial direct current stimulation studies.
TL;DR: The importance of baseline neuronal state and features, anatomy, age and the inherent variability in the injured brain are discussed, as well as how interindividual variability affects the results of motor-evoked potential testing with transcranial magnetic stimulation, which can lead to apparent variability in response to tDCS in motor studies.
Brain stimulation modulates the autonomic nervous system, rating of perceived exertion and performance during maximal exercise
Alexandre Hideki Okano,Eduardo Bodnariuc Fontes,Rafael A. Montenegro,Paulo de Tarso Veras Farinatti,Edilson Serpeloni Cyrino,Li Min Li,Marom Bikson,Timothy D. Noakes +7 more
TL;DR: The findings suggest that non-invasive brain stimulation over the TC modulates the ANS activity and the sensory perception of effort and exercise performance, indicating that the brain plays a crucial role in the exercise performance regulation.
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Understanding the behavioural consequences of noninvasive brain stimulation.
TL;DR: It is argued that rational application of tES should occur in tandem with computational neurostimulation and appropriate physiological and behavioural assays to aid appreciation of the limitations and generate testable predictions of how tES expresses its effects on behaviour.
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Incomplete evidence that increasing current intensity of tDCS boosts outcomes.
Zeinab Esmaeilpour,Paola Marangolo,Benjamin M. Hampstead,Sven Bestmann,Elisabeth Galletta,Helena Knotkova,Marom Bikson +6 more
TL;DR: Understanding dose- response in human applications of tDCS is needed for protocol optimization including individualized dose to reduce outcome variability, which requires intelligent design of dose-response studies.
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Modelling the electric field and the current density generated by cerebellar transcranial DC stimulation in humans.
Marta Parazzini,Elena Rossi,Roberta Ferrucci,Roberta Ferrucci,Ilaria Liorni,Alberto Priori,Alberto Priori,Paolo Ravazzani +7 more
TL;DR: Modeling approach reveals that during cerebellar tDCS the current spread to other structures outside the cerebellum is unlike to produce functional effects, thus further supporting the safety of this technique.
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