Journal Article10.1200/JCO.2001.19.9.2370
High-Dose Interferon Alfa-2b Significantly Prolongs Relapse-Free and Overall Survival Compared With the GM2-KLH/QS-21 Vaccine in Patients With Resected Stage IIB-III Melanoma: Results of Intergroup Trial E1694/S9512/C509801
John M. Kirkwood,Joseph Ibrahim,Jeffrey A. Sosman,Vernon K. Sondak,Sanjiv S. Agarwala,Marc S. Ernstoff,Uma Rao +6 more
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TL;DR: A significant treatment benefit of HDI versus GMK in terms of RFS and OS in melanoma patients at high risk of recurrence is demonstrated in this prospective, randomized, intergroup trial.
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Abstract: PURPOSE: Vaccine alternatives to high-dose interferon alfa-2b therapy (HDI), the current standard adjuvant therapy for high-risk melanoma, are of interest because of toxicity associated with HDI. The GM2 ganglioside is a well-defined melanoma antigen, and anti-GM2 antibodies have been associated with improved prognosis. We conducted a prospective, randomized, intergroup trial to evaluate the efficacy of HDI for 1 year versus vaccination with GM2 conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin and administered with QS-21 (GMK) for 96 weeks (weekly × 4 then every 12 weeks × 8). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eligible patients had resected stage IIB/III melanoma. Patients were stratified by sex and number of positive nodes. Primary end points were relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS: Eight hundred eighty patients were randomized (440 per treatment group); 774 patients were eligible for efficacy analysis. The trial was closed after interim analysis indicated inferiority of GMK compared with HDI. For...
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Citations
An update on pegylated IFN-α2b for the adjuvant treatment of melanoma
TL;DR: Current evidence regarding the pharmacokinetics, efficacy, safety and tolerability of adjuvant PEG-IFN-α2b in patients with melanoma is reviewed, with frequent reference to and comparisons with data using IFN- α2b.
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Ahmad A. Tarhini
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TL;DR: The neoadjuvant approach allows access to blood and tumor tissue before and after initiation of systemic therapy, which allows for the conduct of novel mechanistic and biomarker studies in the circulation and the tumor microenvironment and may guide drug development.
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Evaluation of Immunotherapy in the Treatment of Melanoma
TL;DR: These data show that the extraordinary potency of the immune system can be harnessed to control or destroy melanoma, and the vanguard of the "treatment of tomorrow" has clearly arrived.
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TL;DR: In cases of cutaneous and subcutaneous melanoma metastases some studies underlined the efficacy of intratumorally administered cytokines such as IL-2 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in terms of local tumor control and improvement of relapse-free and overall survival.
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Intermediate- and high-risk melanoma.
TL;DR: There is no convincing evidence of success of the lower-dose regimens of intermediate-dose interferon, despite the reduction in toxicity, and a regimen of therapy for metastatic stage IV melanoma (interleukin-2 based biochemotherapy) is being compared with HDI in an ongoing phase III trial.
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TL;DR: IFN alpha-2b is the first agent to show a significant benefit in relapse-free and overall survival of high-risk melanoma patients in a randomized controlled trial.
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TL;DR: A synthetic peptide, designed to increase binding to HLA-A2 molecules, was used as a cancer vaccine to treat patients with metastatic melanoma and, on the basis of immunologic assays, 91% of patients could be successfully immunized with this peptide.
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Identification of Ny-Eso-1 Epitopes Presented by Human Histocompatibility Antigen (Hla)-Drb4*0101–0103 and Recognized by Cd4+T Lymphocytes of Patients with Ny-Eso-1–Expressing Melanoma
Elke Jäger,Dirk Jäger,Julia Karbach,Yao-Tseng Chen,Yao-Tseng Chen,Gerd Ritter,Yasuhiro Nagata,Sacha Gnjatic,Elisabeth Stockert,Michael Arand,Lloyd J. Old,Alexander Knuth +11 more
TL;DR: The characterization of HLA class II–restricted epitopes will be useful for the assessment of spontaneous and vaccine-induced immune responses of cancer patients against defined tumor antigens and the therapeutic efficacy of active immunization using antigenic HLA Class I–restricted peptides may be improved by adding HLAclass II–presented epitopes.
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