High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiovascular disease. Four prospective American studies.
David Gordon,Jeffrey L. Probstfield,Robert J. Garrison,James D. Neaton,William P. Castelli,J. D. Knoke,David R. Jacobs,Shrikant I. Bangdiwala,H. A. Tyroler +8 more
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TL;DR: A consistent inverse relation of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and coronary heart disease event rates was apparent in BRHS as well as in the four American studies.
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Abstract: The British Regional Heart Study (BRHS) reported in 1986 that much of the inverse relation of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) and incidence of coronary heart disease was eliminated by covariance adjustment. Using the proportional hazards model and adjusting for age, blood pressure, smoking, body mass index, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, we analyzed this relation separately in the Framingham Heart Study (FHS), Lipid Research Clinics Prevalence Mortality Follow-up Study (LRCF) and Coronary Primary Prevention Trial (CPPT), and Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). In CPPT and MRFIT (both randomized trials in middle-age high-risk men), only the control groups were analyzed. A 1-mg/dl (0.026 mM) increment in HDLC was associated with a significant coronary heart disease risk decrement of 2% in men (FHS, CPPT, and MRFIT) and 3% in women (FHS). In LRCF, where only fatal outcomes were documented, a 1-mg/dl increment in HDLC was associated with significant 3.7% (men) and 4.7% (women) decrements in cardiovascular disease mortality rates. The 95% confidence intervals for these decrements in coronary heart and cardiovascular disease risk in the four studies overlapped considerably, and all contained the range 1.9-2.9%. HDLC levels were essentially unrelated to non-cardiovascular disease mortality. When differences in analytic methodology were eliminated, a consistent inverse relation of HDLC levels and coronary heart disease event rates was apparent in BRHS as well as in the four American studies.
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Essential fatty acids and their metabolites could function as endogenous HMG-CoA reductase and ACE enzyme inhibitors, anti-arrhythmic, anti-hypertensive, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, and cardioprotective molecules
TL;DR: It is proposed that a rational combination of ω-3 and ψ-6 fatty acids and the co-factors that are necessary for their appropriate action/metabolism is as beneficial as that of the combined use of a statin, thiazide, a β blocker, and an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, folic acid, and aspirin.
Cardiovascular disease risk reduction by raising HDL cholesterol--current therapies and future opportunities
TL;DR: The biology of HDL particles, the established and future therapeutic options to increase HDL‐C, the results and conclusions of the most important studies published in the last years and an outlook on future diagnostic tools and therapeutic opportunities regarding coronary artery disease are given.
The ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) modulates the development of aortic atherosclerosis in C57BL/6 and apoE-knockout mice.
Charles Joyce,Marcelo Amar,Gilles Lambert,Boris L. Vaisman,Beverly Paigen,Jamila Najib-Fruchart,Robert F. Hoyt,Edward D. Neufeld,Alan T. Remaley,Donald S. Fredrickson,H. Bryan Brewer,Silvia Santamarina-Fojo +11 more
TL;DR: It is established that, in the presence of apoE, overexpression of ABCA1 modulates HDL as well as apoB-containing lipoprotein metabolism and reduces atherosclerosis in vivo, and indicate that pharmacological agents that will increaseABCA1 expression may reduce atherogenic risk in humans.
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Increased ABCA1 activity protects against atherosclerosis
Roshni R. Singaraja,Catherine Fievet,Graciela Castro,Erick R. James,Nathalie Hennuyer,Susanne M. Clee,Nagat Bissada,Jonathan C. Choy,Jean-Charles Fruchart,Bruce M. McManus,Bart Staels,Michael R. Hayden +11 more
TL;DR: Although the increase in plasma HDL cholesterol levels was small, HDL particles from BAC(+)ApoE(-/-) mice were significantly better acceptors of cholesterol and phospholipid levels were correlated significantly with their ability to enhance cholesterol efflux.
Elevated HDL cholesterol is a risk factor for ischemic heart disease in white women when caused by a common mutation in the cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene
Birgit Agerholm-Larsen,Børge G. Nordestgaard,Rolf Steffensen,Gorm B. Jensen,Anne Tybjærg-Hansen +4 more
TL;DR: Increased HDL cholesterol levels caused by mutations in CETP are associated with an increased risk of ischemic heart disease in white women and no significant associations were found in men.
278
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TL;DR: Results are in accord with two previous trials with different pharmacologic agents and indicate that modification of lipoprotein levels with gemfibrozil reduces the incidence of coronary heart disease in men with dyslipidemia.
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