High and low pre‐inoculation temperatures decrease the effectiveness of the Lr 20 and Sr 15 rust resistance genes in wheat

TL;DR: Winter and spring wheat seedlings containing Lr 20 and Sr 15 resistance alleles were raised at 30° C, prior to inoculation with leaf rust and stem rust pathogens, respectively, and a progressive increase in infection type was observed on resistant lines as post-inoculation temperature increased.

Abstract: Spring wheat seedlings containing Lr 20 and Sr 15 resistance alleles were raised at 30° C, prior to inoculation with leaf rust (Puccinia recondita race 76–2,3) and stem rust (Puccinia graminis f.sp, tritici race 343–1,2,3,5,6) pathogens, respectively. Infected plants were then grown at one of seven temperatures in the range 18–30 C and infection types were scored at 10 days post-inoculation. These results were compared with those obtained for plants raised at a pre-inoculation temperature of 18° C. In both 18° C and 30° C pre-grown plants, a progressive increase in infection type was observed on resistant lines as post-inoculation temperature increased. However, resistant lines raised at 30°C had significantly higher infection types than plants raised at 18° C at all post-inoculation temperatures for which some degree of resistance was still evident in the plants raised at 18°C, The maximum temperature for expression of resistance was significantly higher for Lr 20 than for Sr 15. irrespective of pre-inoculation temperature. A lowering of the resistance expression was also evident in Sr 15-bearing lines raised at a very low pre-inoculation temperature (4°C). The effects of low pre-inoculation temperature on resistance were assessed in both winter and spring wheat lines. These results are discussed in the light of current ideas concerning the host membrane location of pathogen recognition events.