Hepatitis B virus infection: Defective surface antigen expression and pathogenesis.
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TL;DR: The nature of defective HBV surface antigen mutations and their contribution to the pathogenesis of fulminant hepatitis B, and the relationship between defective surface antigens and occult HBV infection are discussed.
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Abstract: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global public health concern. HBV causes chronic infection in patients and can lead to liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and other severe liver diseases. Thus, understanding HBV-related pathogenesis is of particular importance for prevention and clinical intervention. HBV surface antigens are indispensable for HBV virion formation and are useful viral markers for diagnosis and clinical assessment. During chronic HBV infection, HBV genomes may acquire and accumulate mutations and deletions, leading to the expression of defective HBV surface antigens. These defective HBV surface antigens have been found to play important roles in the progression of HBV-associated liver diseases. In this review, we focus our discussion on the nature of defective HBV surface antigen mutations and their contribution to the pathogenesis of fulminant hepatitis B. The relationship between defective surface antigens and occult HBV infection are also discussed.
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Citations
Immune-Escape Hepatitis B Virus Mutations Associated with Viral Reactivation upon Immunosuppression
TL;DR: This review discusses the possible influence of the most frequently found immune-escape mutations on HBV reactivation and strongly highlights the importance of HBV DNA detection in monitoring all patients with a history ofHBV infection who are undergoing immunosuppression.
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Naturally Occurring Hepatitis B Virus Mutations Leading to Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Their Contribution to the Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
TL;DR: Details are discussed about various mutation types in all four regions of the HBV genome related to ER stress and their distinct ER stress mechanisms and clinical outcomes in terms of mutation types.
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The interaction of hepatitis B virus with the ubiquitin proteasome system in viral replication and associated pathogenesis
TL;DR: A better understanding of the HBV-UPS interaction could provide novel insight into the mechanisms that are involved in viral replication and pathogenesis and help to develop potential treatment strategies targeting the UPS.
Novel Biomarkers of Hepatitis B Virus and Their Use in Chronic Hepatitis B Patient Management
TL;DR: In this article, a review of novel hepatitis B virus (HBV) biomarkers and their use in the clinical setting is presented, including the description of and methodology for quantification of serum HBV RNA, hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg), quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen (qHBsAg), including ultrasensitive HBsAg detection, quantitative anti-hepatitis B core antigen(qAHBc), and detection of HBV nucleic acid-related antigens (NRAg), and the utility of these biomarkers in treatment-
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Design of aptamer-based sensing platform using gold nanoparticles functionalized reduced graphene oxide for ultrasensitive detection of Hepatitis B virus
TL;DR: In this paper, an electrochemical aptasensor for earlier detection of Hepatitis B virus infection was developed, which relies on the specific binding between the aptamer and (HBsAg).
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