Journal Article10.1136/GUTJNL-2012-303661
Geographical variability and environmental risk factors in inflammatory bowel disease
Siew C. Ng,Charles N. Bernstein,Morten H. Vatn,Peter L. Lakatos,Edward V. Loftus,Curt Tysk,Colm O'Morain,Bjørn Moum,Jean-Frederic Colombel +8 more
TL;DR: The present review aims to provide an update of the literature exploring geographical variability in IBD and to explore the environmental risk factors that may account for this variability.
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Abstract: The changing epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) across time and geography suggests that environmental factors play a major role in modifying disease expression. Disease emergence in developing nations suggests that epidemiological evolution is related to westernisation of lifestyle and industrialisation. The strongest environmental associations identified are cigarette smoking and appendectomy, although neither alone explains the variation in incidence of IBD worldwide. Urbanisation of societies, associated with changes in diet, antibiotic use, hygiene status, microbial exposures and pollution have been implicated as potential environmental risk factors for IBD. Changes in socioeconomic status might occur differently in different geographical areas and populations and, consequently, it is important to consider the heterogeneity of risk factors applicable to the individual patient. Environmental risk factors of individual, familial, community-based, country-based and regionally based origin may all contribute to the pathogenesis of IBD. The geographical variation of IBD provides clues for researchers to investigate possible environmental aetiological factors. The present review aims to provide an update of the literature exploring geographical variability in IBD and to explore the environmental risk factors that may account for this variability.
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Citations
Immunopathogenesis of IBD: current state of the art
TL;DR: Current knowledge of the classic immune components are reviewed and the concept of IBD immunopathogenesis is expanded to include various cells, mediators and pathways that have not been traditionally associated with disease mechanisms, but that profoundly affect the overall intestinal inflammatory process.
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Understanding and Preventing the Global Increase of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Gilaad G. Kaplan,Siew C. Ng +1 more
TL;DR: This work presents a long-term plan to develop interventions that slow or stop the global increase in the incidence of IBD.
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Genetics and Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
TL;DR: Novel in vitro and mouse models that are designed to interrogate complex genetics and functionally test hypotheses are needed to translate genetics to patients with IBD and improve their care.
Incidence and phenotype of inflammatory bowel disease based on results from the Asia-pacific Crohn's and colitis epidemiology study.
Siew C. Ng,Whitney Tang,Jessica Y.L. Ching,May Wong,Chung Mo Chow,Aric J. Hui,Tc Wong,Vincent K S Leung,Steve Tsang,Hon Ho Yu,Mo Fong Li,Ka Kei Ng,Michael A. Kamm,Corrie Studd,Sally Bell,Rupert W. Leong,H. Janaka de Silva,Anuradhani Kasturiratne,M.N.F. Mufeena,Khoon Lin Ling,Choon Jin Ooi,Poh Seng Tan,David E. Ong,Khean L. Goh,Ida Hilmi,Pises Pisespongsa,Sathaporn Manatsathit,Rungsun Rerknimitr,Satimai Aniwan,Yu-Fang Wang,Qin Ouyang,Zhirong Zeng,Zhenhua Zhu,Min Hu Chen,Pin Jin Hu,Kaichun Wu,Xin Wang,Marcellus Simadibrata,Murdani Abdullah,Justin C.Y. Wu,Joseph J.Y. Sung,Francis K.L. Chan +41 more
TL;DR: The Asia-Pacific Crohn's and Colitis Epidemiology Study as discussed by the authors was a large-scale population-based study and found that although the incidence of IBD varies throughout Asia, it is still lower than in the West.
805
Environmental triggers in IBD: a review of progress and evidence.
Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan,Charles N. Bernstein,Dimitrios Iliopoulos,Andrew J. Macpherson,Markus F. Neurath,Raja Affendi Raja Ali,Stephan R. Vavricka,Claudio Fiocchi +7 more
TL;DR: Environmental factors add a substantial level of complexity to the understanding of IBD pathogenesis but also promote the fundamental notion that complex diseases such as IBD require complex therapies that go well beyond the current single-agent treatment approach.
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TL;DR: In this population-based cohort study with complete follow-up, an increased risk of IBD was demonstrated in individuals notified in laboratory registries with an episode of Salmonella/Campylobacter gastroenteritis.
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