Genotype replacement of the human parainfluenza virus type 2 in Croatia between 2011 and 2017 - the role of neutralising antibodies.
Maja Šantak,M. Lang Balija,G. Mlinarić Galinović,S. Ljubin Sternak,Tatjana Vilibić-Čavlek,Irena Tabain +5 more
TL;DR: It is confirmed that G1a genotype has replaced G3 genotype from the period 2011–2014 and gives a strong verification to the hypothesis that neutralising antibodies are a key determinant in the inherently complex adaptive evolution of HPIV2 in the region.
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Abstract: Previously we reported on the HPIV2 genotype distribution in Croatia 2011-2014. Here we expand this period up to 2017 and confirm that G1a genotype has replaced G3 genotype from the period 2011-2014. Our hypothesis was that the G1a-to-G3 genotype replacement is an antibody-driven event. A cross-neutralisation with anti-HPIV2 sera specific for either G1a or G3 genotype revealed the presence of genotype-specific antigenic determinants. By the profound, in silico analyses three potential B cell epitopic regions were identified in the hemagglutinin neuraminidase (regions 314-361 and 474-490) and fusion protein (region 440-484). The region identified in the fusion protein does not show any unique site between the G1a and G3 isolates, five differentially glycosylated sites in the G1a and G3 genotype isolates were identified in epitopic regions of hemagglutinin neuraminidase. All positively selected codons were found to be located either in the region 314-316 or in the region 474-490 what indicates a strong positive selection in this region and reveals that these regions are susceptible to evolutionary pressure possibly caused by antibodies what gives a strong verification to our hypothesis that neutralising antibodies are a key determinant in the inherently complex adaptive evolution of HPIV2 in the region.
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Citations
•Journal Article
Immunization against viral diseases.
TL;DR: It seems likely at this time that at least several of the more important viral diseases can be controlled by utilizing antigens based on the biologic characteristics of the agent, and directed toward the reservoir of infection and the conditions favoring transmission of the infection.
44
Genetic Characteristics of Human Parainfluenza Virus Types 1-4 From Patients With Clinical Respiratory Tract Infection in China.
Nan Shao,Bo Liu,Yan Xiao,Xinming Wang,Lili Ren,Jie Dong,Lilian Sun,Yafang Zhu,Ting Zhang,Fan Yang +9 more
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper collected samples from patients infected with human parainfluenza virus (HPIV1-4) in China from 2012 to 2018 to sequence the viruses.
Virological Surveillance and Molecular Characterization of Human Parainfluenzavirus Infection in Children with Acute Respiratory Illness: Germany, 2015-2019.
Djin-Ye Oh,Barbara Biere,Markus Grenz,Thorsten Wolff,Brunhilde Schweiger,Ralf Dürrwald,Janine Reiche +6 more
- 14 Jul 2021
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used real-time PCR to identify human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) in 459 (10%) samples collected from outpatients < 5 years of age between October 2015 and September 2019.
10
Human parainfluenza 2 & 4: Clinical and genetic epidemiology in the UK, 2013–2017, reveals distinct disease features and co‐circulating genomic subtypes
Akhil Chellapuri,Matthew Smitheman,Joseph G. Chappell,Gemma Clark,Hannah C. Howson-Wells,Louise Berry,Jonathan K. Ball,William L. Irving,Alexander W. Tarr,C. Patrick McClure +9 more
TL;DR: Clinical and viral epidemiological distinctions of the relatively less prevalent Orthorubulaviruses HPIV2&4 at a regional UK hospital across four autumn/winter epidemic seasons are investigated.
Genetic analysis of human parainfluenza type 2 virus in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
TL;DR: The sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the human parainfluenza type-2 (HPIV-2) in nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) collected from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from 2020/21 to 2021/22 seasons revealed a genotype shifting from G3 to G4a with 83% sequence homology 62-M786 from Japan, which was prominent throughout the winter seasons of 2008/09.
1
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