Genome of the human hookworm Necator americanus
Yat T. Tang,Xin Gao,Bruce A. Rosa,Sahar Abubucker,Kymberlie Hallsworth-Pepin,John Martin,Rahul Tyagi,Esley M. Heizer,Xu Zhang,Veena Bhonagiri-Palsikar,Patrick Minx,Wesley C. Warren,Qi Wang,Bin Zhan,Peter J. Hotez,Paul W. Sternberg,Paul W. Sternberg,Annette M. Dougall,Soraya Gaze,Jason Mulvenna,Javier Sotillo,Shoba Ranganathan,Shoba Ranganathan,Élida Mara Leite Rabelo,Richard K. Wilson,Philip L. Felgner,Jeffrey M. Bethony,John M. Hawdon,Robin B. Gasser,Alex Loukas,Makedonka Mitreva +30 more
TL;DR: Characterization of this first hookworm genome sequence identified genes orchestrating the hookworm's invasion of the human host, genes involved in blood feeding and development, and genes encoding proteins that represent new potential drug targets against hookworms.
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Abstract: The hookworm Necator americanus is the predominant soil-transmitted human parasite. Adult worms feed on blood in the small intestine, causing iron-deficiency anemia, malnutrition, growth and development stunting in children, and severe morbidity and mortality during pregnancy in women. We report sequencing and assembly of the N. americanus genome (244 Mb, 1 19,151 1 genes). Characterization of this first hookworm genome sequence identified genes orchestrating the hookworm’s invasion of the human host, genes involved in blood feeding and development, and genes encoding proteins that represent new potential drug targets against hookworms. N. americanus has undergone a considerable and unique expansion of immunomodulator proteins, some of which we highlight as potential treatments against inflammatory diseases. We also used a protein microarray to demonstrate a postgenomic application of the hookworm genome sequence. This genome provides an invaluable resource to boost ongoing efforts toward fundamental and applied postgenomic research, including the development of new methods to control hookworm and human immunological diseases.
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WormBase ParaSite - a comprehensive resource for helminth genomics.
TL;DR: WormBase ParaSite (http://parasite.wormbase.org) as mentioned in this paper is a portal for the analysis of helminth genomic data, including worms and platy helminths.
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Comparative genomics of the major parasitic worms
TL;DR: A broad comparative study of 81 genomes of parasitic and non-parasitic worms identifies gene family births and hundreds of expanded gene families at key nodes in the phylogeny that are relevant to parasitism and proteins historically targeted for drug development.
The genomic basis of parasitism in the Strongyloides clade of nematodes
Vicky L. Hunt,Isheng J. Tsai,Avril Coghlan,Adam J. Reid,Nancy Holroyd,Bernardo J. Foth,Alan Tracey,James Cotton,Eleanor J Stanley,Helen Beasley,Hayley M. Bennett,Karen Brooks,Bhavana Harsha,Rei Kajitani,Arpita Kulkarni,Dorothee Harbecke,Eiji Nagayasu,Sarah Nichol,Yoshitoshi Ogura,Michael A. Quail,Nadine Randle,Dong Xia,Norbert W. Brattig,Hanns Soblik,Diogo M Ribeiro,Alejandro Sanchez-Flores,Alejandro Sanchez-Flores,Tetsuya Hayashi,Takehiko Itoh,Dee R. Denver,Warwick N. Grant,Jonathan D. Stoltzfus,James B. Lok,Haruhiko Murayama,Jonathan M. Wastling,Jonathan M. Wastling,Adrian Streit,Taisei Kikuchi,Mark Viney,Matthew Berriman +39 more
TL;DR: Exploiting the unique Strongyloides life cycle, the transcriptomes of the parasitic and free-living stages are compared and it is found that these same gene families are upregulated in the parasitic stages, underscoring their role in nematode parasitism.
Helminth Immunomodulation in Autoimmune Disease
Taylor B. Smallwood,Paul R. Giacomin,Alex Loukas,Jason Mulvenna,Jason Mulvenna,Jason Mulvenna,Richard J. Clark,John J. Miles +7 more
TL;DR: This work reviews therapies using live parasitic worms, worm secretions, and worm-derived synthetic molecules to treat autoimmune disease and highlights current progress in characterizing promising new immunomodulatory molecules found in excretory/secretory products of helminths.
Immunity to Helminths: Resistance, Regulation, and Susceptibility to Gastrointestinal Nematodes
TL;DR: Greater understanding of the mechanisms of susceptibility has provided the basis for defining host immunoregulation and parasite-evasion strategies, helping place in context the changing patterns of immunological disease observed worldwide.
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