Journal Article10.1111/J.0014-3820.2001.TB00633.X
Genetic variation in a host-parasite association: potential for coevolution and frequency-dependent selection.
TL;DR: In correspondence analysis, some host clones, although distinguishable with neutral genetic markers, were susceptible to the same set of parasite isolates and thus probably shared resistance genes, consistent with the idea that parasites track specific host genotypes under natural conditions.
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Abstract: Models of host-parasite coevolution assume the presence of genetic variation for host resistance and parasite infectivity, as well as genotype-specific interactions. We used the freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna and its bacterial microparasite Pasteuria ramosa to study genetic variation for host susceptibility and parasite infectivity within each of two populations. We sought to answer the following questions: Do host clones differ in their susceptibility to parasite isolates? Do parasite isolates differ in their ability to infect different host clones? Are there host clone-parasite isolate interactions? The analysis revealed considerable variation in both host resistance and parasite infectivity. There were significant host clone-parasite isolate interactions, such that there was no single host clone that was superior to all other clones in the resistance to every parasite isolate. Likewise, there was no parasite isolate that was superior to all other isolates in infectivity to every host clone. This form of host clone-parasite isolate interaction indicates the potential for coevolution based on frequency-dependent selection. Infection success of original host clone-parasite isolate combinations (i.e., those combinations that were isolated together) was significantly higher than infection success of novel host clone-parasite isolate combinations (i.e., those combinations that were created in the laboratory). This finding is consistent with the idea that parasites track specific host genotypes under natural conditions. In addition, correspondence analysis revealed that some host clones, although distinguishable with neutral genetic markers, were susceptible to the same set of parasite isolates and thus probably shared resistance genes.
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Citations
Interplay of Darwinian and frequency-dependent selection in the host-associated microbial populations
TL;DR: Analysis of the model demonstrated that a balanced polymorphism may be established in rhizobia population: mutants with an improved fitness do not supplant completely the parental strain while mutants with a decreased fitness may be maintained stably.
How robust are signals of local adaptation? Exposure to a common fungal pathogen does not disrupt clinal trends in host thermal tolerance
Jared Lush,Connor Bevan,Carla M. Sgrò,Matthew D. Hall +3 more
Abstract: The adaptation of populations to their local thermal environment often gives rise to latitudinal clines in innate thermal tolerance, where low-latitude populations are more tolerant of the heat. These clinal signals can be used to identify at-risk populations under scenarios of warming, but only if coinciding challenges, such as food stress or infection, do not modify or erode the rate at which thermal tolerances have been shown to change across geographic space. Here we explored how a fungal pathogen might affect the thermal tolerance of a freshwater organism, Daphnia carinata, sampled from populations along a latitudinal gradient, and in the presence and absence of warming. We predicted that infection would reduce a host's thermal tolerance in a population-specific manner, altering or eroding clinal signals, and that infection would also reduce any capacity to acclimate to warmer conditions. However, while infection reduced host knockdown times by approximately 2 min on average, this effect was consistent across hosts, and the latitudinal cline in thermal tolerance remained robust to infection. Acclimation to warming also increased thermal tolerances, particularly for low-latitude clones, and thus enhanced the strength of the clinal signal, but again this plastic response was also not limited by infection. Our results suggest that for this host and pathogen system, the relatively small and consistent impact of infection does not disrupt strong clinal signals or plastic responses underlying acclimation. However, pathogens with longer infection durations, or more population-specific effects, may still threaten the reliability of clinal signals.
Phylogeny, morphology, virulence, ecology, and host range of Ordospora pajunii (Ordosporidae), a microsporidian symbiont of Daphnia spp
Marcin Krzysztof Dziuba,Kristina M. McIntire,Kensuke Seto,Elizabeth S. Davenport,Mary Alta Rogalski,Camden D. Gowler,Emma Baird,Riley N. Jaye,Fiona Corcoran,Alicia Withrow,Steven R. Ahrendt,Asaf Salamov,Matt Nolan,Kerrie Barry,Igor V. Grigoriev,Timothy Y. James,Meghan A. Duffy +16 more
TL;DR: In this paper , a newly discovered microsporidian symbiont of Daphnia was found to shift from parasitism towards mutualism, but little was known about this endosymbiont.
Why Are Daphnia in Some Lakes Sicker? Disease Ecology, Habitat Structure, and the Plankton
Spencer R. Hall,Robyn Smyth,Claes R. Becker,Meghan A. Duffy,Christine J. Knight,Sally Macintyre,Alan J. Tessier,Carla E. Cáceres +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors illustrate and identify mechanisms that connect habitat to epidemiology using a case study of disease in plankton and see a pronounced relationship between the basin shapes of lakes and fungal (Metschnikowia bicuspidata) disease in Zooplankton grazer Daphnia dentifera.
Epidemiological, Evolutionary, and Coevolutionary Implications of Context-Dependent Parasitism
TL;DR: It is found that environmental shifts that promote tolerance ultimately result in populations harboring more parasitized individuals, and that the opportunity for selection, as indicated by the variance around traits, varied considerably with the environmental treatment.
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