Journal Article10.1146/ANNUREV.SOC.33.040406.131651
Gender in Politics
TL;DR: This paper focused on women's formal political participation and representation, and discussed both traditional explanations for women's political participation, such as supply of women and the demand for women, and newer explanations such as the role of international actors and gender quotas.
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Abstract: Women’s political participation and representation vary dramatically within and between countries. We selectively review the literature on gender in politics, focusing on women’s formal political participation. We discuss both traditional explanations for women’s political participation and representation, such as the supply of women and the demand for women, and newer explanations such as the role of international actors and gender quotas. We also ask whether women are distinctive—does having more women in office make a difference to public policy? Throughout the review we demonstrate that a full understanding of women’s political representation requires both deep knowledge of individual cases such as the United States and broad knowledge comparing women’s participation across countries. We end with four recommended directions for future research: (a) globalizing theory and research, (b) expanding data collection, (c) remembering alternative forms of women’s agency, and (d ) addressing intersectionality.
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Citations
Biosocial Construction of Sex Differences and Similarities in Behavior
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TL;DR: The behavior of women and men varies greatly depending on situations, cultures, and historical periods as discussed by the authors, and this flexibility emerges as men and women tailor their division of labor to local ecological and socioeconomic demands.
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Intersectionality, Quotas, and Minority Women's Political Representation Worldwide
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of gender and minority quotas on minority women's representation in national legislatures are analyzed using hierarchical linear modeling. And they find that policies designed to promote the political representation of women and minority groups interact to produce diverse but predictable outcomes for minority women.
278
Women's status and carbon dioxide emissions: A quantitative cross-national analysis.
Christina Ergas,Richard York +1 more
TL;DR: It is found that CO(2) emissions per capita are lower in nations where women have higher political status, controlling for GDP per capita, urbanization, industrialization, militarization, world-system position, foreign direct investment, the age dependency ratio, and level of democracy.
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TL;DR: For example, the authors found evidence that women's changing rates of labor force participation explain the origins of the gender gap in U.S. presidential elections and that attitudes toward social service spending mediate the interrelationship of women's participation and vote choice.
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When women lead : integrative leadership in State legislatures
Cindy Simon Rosenthal
- 01 Jan 1998
TL;DR: When Women Lead as discussed by the authors is a study of the different leadership styles of men and women in American politics and provides an original insight into the workings of the largest cohorts of women in institutional leadership roles.