Journal Article10.1111/J.1600-0447.2009.01407.X
Gender differences in bipolar disorder type I and II
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TL;DR: Gender differences in bipolar disorder (BD) type I and II in a representative cohort of secondary care psychiatric in‐ and out‐patients are investigated.
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Abstract: During recent years there has been growing interestin gender differences in the clinical features andcourse of bipolar disorder (BD). Previous studieshave suggested that women are more likely to haverapid cycling course of the illness (1–7), mixedstates (3, 7–12), depressive episodes (4, 7, 13, 14),later age at onset (9), BD type II (15), comorbidthyroid disease (16), comorbid bulimia (16) andpost-traumatic stress disorder (16). Men in turnmore often have manic episodes (12, 13) andcomorbid alcoholism (17). However, not all studieshave supported these findings, and the results haveoften been conflicting. Most of these studies arebased on small sample sizes, and some haveSuominen K, Mantere O, Valtonen H, Arvilommi P, Leppa¨ma¨ki S,Isometsa¨ E. Gender differences in bipolar disorder type I and II.Objective: We investigated gender differences in bipolar disorder (BD)type I and II in a representative cohort of secondary care psychiatricin- and out-patients.Method: In the prospective, naturalistic Jorvi Bipolar Study of 191secondary care psychiatric in- and out-patients, 160 patients (85.1%)could be followed up for 18 months with a life chart.Results: After adjusting for confounders, no marked differences inillness-related characteristics were found. However, female patientswith BD had more lifetime comorbid eating disorders (P < 0.001,OR = 5.99, 95% CI 2.12–16.93) but less substance use disorders(P < 0.001, OR = 0.29, 95% CI 0.16–0.56) than males. Median timeto recurrence after remission was 3.1 months longer among men thanwomen, female gender carrying a higher hazard of recurrence(P = 0.006, HR = 2.00, 95% CI 1.22–3.27).Conclusion: MenandwomenwithtypeIandIIBDhavefairlysimilarillness-related clinical characteristics, but their profile of comorbiddisorders may differ significantly, particularly regarding substance useand eating disorders. In medium-term follow-up, females appear tohave a higher hazard of recurrence than males.
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Citations
Is sex important? Gender differences in bipolar disorder.
Arianna DiFlorio,Ian Jones +1 more
TL;DR: No consistent gender differences have been found in a number of variables including rates of depressive episodes, age and polarity of onset, symptoms, severity of the illness, response to treatment and suicidal behaviour.
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International Society for Bipolar Disorders Task Force on Suicide: meta-analyses and meta-regression of correlates of suicide attempts and suicide deaths in bipolar disorder.
Ayal Schaffer,Erkki Isometsä,Leonardo Tondo,Doris Hupfeld Moreno,Gustavo Turecki,Catherine Reis,Frederick Cassidy,Mark Sinyor,Jean-Michel Azorin,Lars Vedel Kessing,Kyooseob Ha,Tina R. Goldstein,Abraham Weizman,Annette L. Beautrais,Yuan-Hwa Chou,Nancy Diazgranados,Anthony J. Levitt,Carlos A. Zarate,Zoltán Rihmer,Lakshmi N. Yatham +19 more
TL;DR: The main objective of the present study was to identify and quantify the demographic and clinical correlates of attempted and completed suicide in people with bipolar disorder.
Gender differences in a cohort study of 604 bipolar patients: the role of predominant polarity.
Alessandra Nivoli,Isabella Pacchiarotti,Adriane R. Rosa,Dina Popovic,Andrea Murru,Marc Valentí,C. Mar Bonnín,Iria Grande,José Sánchez-Moreno,Eduard Vieta,Francesc Colom +10 more
TL;DR: The main characteristic featuring bipolar women is depression, both at illness onset and as a predominant polarity all along the illness course, which may have important diagnostic and therapeutic implications.
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Prevalence of comorbid bipolar and substance use disorders in clinical settings, 1990–2015: Systematic review and meta-analysis
TL;DR: This systematic review and meta-analysis shows comorbidity between SUDs and bipolar illness is highly prevalent in hospital and community-based samples and was similar in patients with bipolar I and bipolar II disorders.
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Sex differences in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder: Are gonadal hormones the link?
Andrea Gogos,Luke J. Ney,Natasha Seymour,Natasha Seymour,Tamsyn E Van Rheenen,Tamsyn E Van Rheenen,Kim L Felmingham +6 more
TL;DR: It is argued that future studies require a more inclusive, considered analysis of gonadal steroid hormones and the intricacies of the interactions between them, with methodological rigour applied, to enhance the understanding of the roles of steroid hormones in psychiatric disorders.
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References
Rapidly Cycling Affective Disorder: Demographics, Diagnosis, Family History, and Course
TL;DR: The data suggest that rapid cycling is, in the large majority of cases, a transient, nonfamilial manifestation of bipolar affective disorder, and no evidence that high cycle frequencies breed true is revealed.
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Gender differences in prevalence, risk, and clinical correlates of alcoholism comorbidity in bipolar disorder
Mark A. Frye,Lori L. Altshuler,Susan L. McElroy,Trisha Suppes,Paul E. Keck,Kirk D. Denicoff,Willem A. Nolen,Ralph Kupka,Gabriele S. Leverich,Chad Pollio,Heinz Grunze,J. Walden,Robert M. Post +12 more
TL;DR: There are gender differences in the prevalence, risk, and clinical correlates of alcoholism in bipolar illness, and the magnitude of these gender-specific differences is substantial and warrants further prospective study.
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Temporal sequencing of lifetime mood disorders in relation to comorbid anxiety and substance use disorders--findings from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study.
TL;DR: Looking into patterns of co-occurrence of DSM-III-R mood disorders in relation to anxiety and substance use disorders, their temporal sequencing and the sociodemographic and long-term vulnerability predictors of this temporal sequencing revealed mood disorders clearly tend to be secondary.
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Delineating bipolar II mixed states in the Ravenna-San Diego collaborative study: the relative prevalence and diagnostic significance of hypomanic features during major depressive episodes.
Franco Benazzi,Hagop S. Akiskal +1 more
TL;DR: When conservatively defined, DMX is prevalent in the natural history of bipolar II but uncommon in unipolar MDD, and the search for hypomanic features--ostensibly elation would not be one of those--during an index depressive episode could enhance the detection ofipolar II in otherwise pseudo-unipolar patients.
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Gender and Bipolar Illness
TL;DR: For bipolar disorder, course of illness variables such as age at onset and number of affective episodes of each polarity do not seem to differ across genders, however, women may be more likely than men to be hospitalized for manic episodes.
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