Gender and caste-based wage discrimination in India: some recent evidence
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the wage gaps between different subgroups of population separately in the rural and urban sectors using the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition method and found that the wage differential between males and females can largely be attributed to discrimination in the labor market.
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Abstract: This paper examines gender and social groups wage discrimination in India using a nationally representative survey. We examine the wage gaps between different sub-groups of population separately in the rural and urban sectors using the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition method. To account for possibility of the sample selection bias, the Heckman correction model is employed. We find a large wage differential between gender groups and between different social groups. The decomposition analysis reveals that the wage differential between males and females can largely be attributed to discrimination in the labor market. Nevertheless, in case of social groups this gap is mostly driven by differences in endowments.
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References
The Heckman Correction for Sample Selection and Its Critique
TL;DR: In this article, the authors give a short overview of Monte Carlo studies on the usefulness of Heckman's (1976, 1979) two-step estimator for estimating selection models. And they show that exploratory work to check for collinearity problems is strongly recommended before deciding on which estimator to apply.
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Employers’ discriminatory behavior and the estimation of wage discrimination
TL;DR: In this paper, the linkage of empirical estimates of wage discrimination between two groups, introduced by Oaxaca (1973), to a theoretical model of employers' discriminatory behavior is considered, and the estimators are compared empirically in an application to male-female wage differentials.
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Ethnicity, Neighborhoods, and Human Capital Externalities
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the link between the ethnic externality and ethnic neighborhoods and found that residential segregation and the external effect of ethnicity are linked, partly because ethnic capital summarizes the socioeconomic background of the neighborhood where the children were raised.
Labor Market Discrimination Against Hispanic and Black Men
TL;DR: For example, the authors found that Hispanic men have lower average wage rates than white non-Hispanics, due to age and education, geographic location, immigration, language difficulties, and discrimination.
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On the Decomposition of Wage Differentials
TL;DR: The often-used method for decomposing wage differentials into human capital and discrimination components is reformulated so that both t he disadvantage or "cost," discrimination it imposes on a black or minority wage earner and the advantage, or "benefit," it bestows on a white or majority worker can be estimated.