Further evidence that some plants can lose and regain hydraulic function daily.
TL;DR: This issue's article adds more information to a long-running debate in the field of plant hydraulics by observing recovery in the percent loss of hydraulic conductivity from midday to early morning in stems from five of the nine species examined.
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Abstract: In their article in this issue, Trifilo et al. (2015) add more information to a long-running debate in the field of plant hydraulics. They observed recovery in the percent loss of hydraulic conductivity (PLC) from midday to early morning in stems from five of the nine species they examined, which is somewhat controversial. The debate and controversy center on the frequency with which xylem conduits experience embolisms, which are air bubbles in vessels or tracheids. These embolisms render the con
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Citations
Water potential regulation, stomatal behaviour and hydraulic transport under drought: deconstructing the iso/anisohydric concept
TL;DR: The analyses show that, across species, a tight regulation of ΨL is not necessarily associated with greater stomatal control or with more constrained assimilation during drought, and therefore, iso/anisohydry defined in terms of ΩL regulation cannot be used as an indicator of a specific mechanism of drought-induced mortality or as a proxy for overall plant vulnerability to drought.
Visual quantification of embolism reveals leaf vulnerability to hydraulic failure
Timothy J. Brodribb,Robert P. Skelton,Scott A. M. McAdam,Diane Bienaimé,Christopher Lucani,Philippe Marmottant +5 more
TL;DR: Using a simple new optical method that can be used to record spatial and temporal patterns of embolism formation in the veins of water-stressed leaves for the first time, data connect the failure of the leaf water transport network under drought stress to embolisms in the leaf xylem, and suggest emblism occurs after stomatal closure under extreme water stress.
259
Stomatal Closure, Basal Leaf Embolism, and Shedding Protect the Hydraulic Integrity of Grape Stems
Uri Hochberg,Carel W. Windt,Alexandre Ponomarenko,Yong-Jiang Zhang,Jessica T. Gersony,Fulton E. Rockwell,N. Michele Holbrook +6 more
TL;DR: Magnetic resonance imaging was used to continuously monitor xylem cavitation and flow rates in the stem of an intact vine during 10 d of dehydration and showed that complete stomatal closure preceded the appearance of embolism in the leaves and the stem by several days.
197
Vessel scaling in evergreen angiosperm leaves conforms with Murray's law and area-filling assumptions: implications for plant size, leaf size and cold tolerance.
Sean M. Gleason,Sean M. Gleason,Sean M. Gleason,Chris J. Blackman,Chris J. Blackman,Scott T. Gleason,Katherine A. McCulloh,Troy W. Ocheltree,Mark Westoby +8 more
TL;DR: Leaf size, conduit width and conduit number within the leaves of 36 evergreen Angiosperms spanning a large range in aridity and temperature in eastern Australia are measured and habitat temperature restricts the occurrence of wide-conduit species in cold habitats.
60
The ecohydrological context of drought and classification of plant responses
Xue Feng,David D. Ackerly,Todd E. Dawson,Stefano Manzoni,Robert P. Skelton,Giulia Vico,Sally E. Thompson +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors use non-dimensional analysis to integrate plant traits and metrics of environmental variation into groups that can be associated with alternative drought stress pathways (hydraulic failure and carbon limitation), and demonstrate that these groupings predict physiological drought outcomes using both synthetic and measured data.
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References
Towards a worldwide wood economics spectrum
Jérôme Chave,David A. Coomes,Steven Jansen,Simon L. Lewis,Nathan G. Swenson,Amy E. Zanne,Amy E. Zanne +6 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that, similar to the manifold that tree species leaf traits cluster around the 'leaf economics spectrum', a similar 'wood economics spectrum' may be defined.
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TL;DR: Stomatal conductance of well-watered plants had no response to VPD when plants were grown in natural soils, suggesting that the opposite result observed in many laboratory experiments might be linked to the low unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of usual potting substrates.
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Adaptive variation in the vulnerability of woody plants to xylem cavitation
TL;DR: The evolution of increased resistance to cavitation as a mechanism of drought tolerance may be of primary importance in evergreen angiosperms and conifers and the evolutionary basis for a trade-off between cavitation resistance and water transport capacity is weak.
Mechanism of water stress-induced xylem embolism.
John S. Sperry,Melvin T. Tyree +1 more
TL;DR: The hypothesis that water stress-induced xylem embolism is caused by air aspirated into functional vessels from neighboring embolized ones via pores in intervessel pit membranes is investigated and experiments with sugar maple support the hypothesis.
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The variability of stomatal sensitivity to leaf water potential across tree species indicates a continuum between isohydric and anisohydric behaviours
TL;DR: The results suggest that stomatal sensitivity to leaf water potential strongly relates to xylem characteristics, and the use of Ψgs50 offers a quantitative alternative to the current, yet biased, distinction between isohydric and anisohydric species.
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