Journal Article10.1146/ANNUREV.NUTR.26.061505.111258
Fuel Metabolism in Starvation
1.1K
TL;DR: Due to its use by brain, D-beta-hydroxybutyric acid not only has permitted man to survive prolonged starvation, but also may have therapeutic potential owing to its greater efficiency in providing cellular energy in ischemic states such as stroke, myocardial insufficiency, neonatal stress, genetic mitochondrial problems, and physical fatigue.
read more
Abstract: ■ Abstract This article, which is partly biographical and partly scientific, summarizes a life in academic medicine. It relates my progress from benchside to bedside and then to academic and research administration, and concludes with the teaching of human biology to college undergraduates. My experience as an intern (anno 1953) treating a youngster in diabetic ketoacidosis underscored our ignorance of the controls in human fuel metabolism. Circulating free fatty acids were then unknown, insulin could not be measured in biologic fluids, and β-hydroxybutyric acid, which was difficult to measure, was considered by many a metabolic poison. The central role of insulin and the metabolism of free fatty acids, glycerol, glucose, lactate, and pyruvate, combined with indirect calorimetry, needed characterization in a near-steady state, namely prolonged starvation. This is the main topic of this chapter. Due to its use by brain, D-β-hydroxybutyric acid not only has permitted man to survive prolonged starvation, but also may have therapeutic potential owing to its greater efficiency in providing cellular energy in ischemic states such as stroke, myocardial insufficiency, neonatal stress, genetic mitochondrial problems, and physical fatigue.
read more
Chat with Paper
AI Agents for this Paper
Find similar papers on Google Scholar, PubMed and Arxiv
Write a critical review of this paper
Analyze citations of this paper to find unaddressed research gaps
Citations
SGLT2 Inhibitors and Ketone Metabolism in Heart Failure
TL;DR: The effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on cardiac energy provision secondary to ketone bodies, pathological ventricular remodeling, and inflammation in patients with HF are discussed.
44
Liver Glutamate Dehydrogenase Controls Whole Body Energy Partitioning Through Amino Acid-Derived Gluconeogenesis and Ammonia Homeostasis
Melis Karaca,Juliette Martin-Levilain,Mariagrazia Grimaldi,Lingzi Li,Eva Dizin,Yalin Emre,Pierre Maechler +6 more
TL;DR: The central role of hepatic GDH as a major regulator for the maintenance of ammonia and whole-body energy homeostasis is demonstrated by generating inducible liver-specific GDH-knockout mice.
Characterizing the composition, metabolism and physiological functions of the fatty liver in Rana omeimontis tadpoles
Wei Zhu,Meihua Zhang,Liming Chang,Wenbo Zhu,Cheng Li,Feng Xie,Huan Zhang,Tian Zhao,Jianping Jiang +8 more
TL;DR: This is the first report that liver can be the primary fat depot in vertebrates with higher evolutionary status than bony fish and showed that the hepatic reserves of tadpoles, especially TG content, may provide body condition signals to modulate metamorphosis.
44
Evolutionary determinants of polycystic ovary syndrome: part 1
TL;DR: Although PCOS is the most common cause of anovulatory infertility, its high prevalence is still a paradox, and the pathogenic mechanisms underlying PCOS might be candidate factors for survival advantage of the human being.
43
Metabolite profiling of obese individuals before and after a one year weight loss program
Nina Geidenstam,Mahmoud Al-Majdoub,M J Ekman,Peter Spégel,Martin Ridderstråle,Martin Ridderstråle,Martin Ridderstråle +6 more
TL;DR: Diet-induced weight loss leads to mainly reduced levels of metabolites that are elevated in obese insulin resistant individuals and levels of specific metabolites, such as xylitol, may be predictive of the response to non-surgical weight loss already at baseline.
42
References
Brain Metabolism during Fasting
TL;DR: Catheterization of cerebral vessels in three obese patients undergoing 5-6 wk of starvation demonstrated that beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate replaced glucose as the predominant fuel for brain metabolism.
Starvation in man.
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that decreased levels of active T3 may play a role by sparing otherwise obligated calories by decreasing metabolic needs, but this can be nullified by amino acid or protein supplementation.
1.4K
Ketone bodies: a review of physiology, pathophysiology and application of monitoring to diabetes
TL;DR: Recently, inexpensive quantitative tests of 3HB levels have become available for use with small blood samples (5–25 µl) and offer new options for monitoring and treating diabetes and other states characterized by the abnormal metabolism of ketone bodies.
1.3K
Neonatal brain injury.
TL;DR: Recognition of at-risk newborns by means of advanced methods of neuroimaging, combined with a plan for rational intervention, may result in the prevention or the reduction in the incidence of lifelong disabilities such as cerebral palsy, epilepsy, and behavioral and learning disorders.
1.1K