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From the Persecuting to the Protective State? Jewish Expulsions and Weather Shocks from 1100 to 1800
R. Warren Anderson,Noel D. Johnson,Mark Koyama +2 more
- 05 Feb 2013
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors build a model that predicts that minority communities were more likely to be expropriated in the wake of negative income shocks and then use panel data consisting of 785 city-level expulsions of Jews from 933 European cities between 1100 and 1800 to test the implications of the model.
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Abstract: What factors caused the persecution of minorities in medieval and early modern Europe? We build a model that predicts that minority communities were more likely to be expropriated in the wake of negative income shocks. We then use panel data consisting of 785 city-level expulsions of Jews from 933 European cities between 1100 and 1800 to test the implications of the model. We use the variation in city-level temperature to test whether expulsions were associated with colder growing seasons. We find that a one standard deviation decrease in average growing season temperature in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries was associated with a one to two percentage point increase in the likelihood that a Jewish community would be expelled. Drawing on our model and on additional historical evidence we argue that the rise of state capacity was one reason why this relationship between negative income shocks and expulsions weakened after 1600.
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References
Crop responses to climatic variation
TL;DR: The impacts of climate variability for crop production in a number of crops are demonstrated and it is argued that characters that enable better exploration of the soil and slower leaf canopy expansion could lead to crop higher transpiration efficiency.
Temperatures and cyclones strongly associated with economic production in the Caribbean and Central America
TL;DR: The results suggest that current models of future climate change that focus on agricultural impacts but omit the response of workers to thermal stress may underestimate the global economic costs of climate change.
•Book
World on Fire: How Exporting Free Market Democracy Breeds Ethnic Hatred and Global Instability
Amy Chua
- 01 Jan 2003
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The Potato's Contribution to Population and Urbanization: Evidence From A Historical Experiment
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