From laboratory to industrial scale: a scale-up framework for chemical processes in life cycle assessment studies

TL;DR: This study compares the environmental impacts of hydrotropic antisolvent crystallization and antisolvent crystallization for producing methylcobalamin nanoparticles, finding hydrotropic antisolvent crystallization reduces processing cost and environmental impact by ~35%.

TL;DR: In this paper , the authors identify the environmental hotspots of lab-scale preparation of high purity porous Al 2 O 3 pellets with suitable feature to work properly as metal layer-based deposition substrates for hydrogen separation membranes.

Abstract: The present study compares conventional printed circuit boards (having glass-fibre and epoxy substrates and etched copper circuits) with paper-based printed electronics (offering flexible, bio-based, and biodegradable substrates with circuit design printed using silver-based inks) and assesses the relevance of e-waste recycling to the latter ’ s sustainability. Therefore, a comparative life cycle assessment between these two options has been undertaken and the global warming impacts were calculated. The impact assessment results underscore that printed electronics offer a consistent sustainability advantage over printed circuit boards only through recycling of silver in the former at the end-of-life. Hence, design-for-recycling and recycling as e-waste are crucial to the sustainability of the current generation of printed electronics. Other foreseen waste treatment options for paper-based printed electronics, such as composting, and paper recycling, are likely to limit the sustainability advantage of printed electronics to circuits with small conductive areas

TL;DR: It is proposed herein that for future LCA of processes involving ILs each of the LCA steps must be completed as far as scientific advances allow.

TL;DR: In this paper, conversion factors and mathematical symbols are used to describe conversion factors in physical and chemical data and Mathematical Symbols are used for converting, converting, and utilising conversion factors.

TL;DR: Perry's chemical engineers' handbook covers a wide range of topics related to chemical engineering, including conversion factors, physical and chemical data, mathematics, thermodynamics, heat and mass transfer, fluid and plastic dynamics, reaction kinetics, process control, process economics, and more.

TL;DR: Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook as mentioned in this paper is a free download pdf for chemical engineering applications, from the fundamentals to details on computer applications and control, and it can be found in any computer science course.