From endoplasmic-reticulum stress to the inflammatory response
Kezhong Zhang,Randal J. Kaufman +1 more
TL;DR: New observations suggest that the unfolded-protein response can initiate inflammation, and the coupling of these responses in specialized cells and tissues is now thought to be fundamental in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases.
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Abstract: The endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for much of a cell's protein synthesis and folding, but it also has an important role in sensing cellular stress. Recently, it has been shown that the endoplasmic reticulum mediates a specific set of intracellular signalling pathways in response to the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins, and these pathways are collectively known as the unfolded-protein response. New observations suggest that the unfolded-protein response can initiate inflammation, and the coupling of these responses in specialized cells and tissues is now thought to be fundamental in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. The knowledge gained from this emerging field will aid in the development of therapies for modulating cellular stress and inflammation.
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Biolighted Nanotorch Capable of Systemic Self-Delivery and Diagnostic Imaging.
Ajay Singh,Young Hun Seo,Young Hun Seo,Chang Keun Lim,Joonseok Koh,Woo Dong Jang,Ick Chan Kwon,Sehoon Kim +7 more
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The Unfolded Protein Response: A Key Player in Zika Virus-Associated Congenital Microcephaly.
Christian Alfano,Ivan Gladwyn-Ng,Thérèse Couderc,Marc Lecuit,Marc Lecuit,Marc Lecuit,Laurent Nguyen +6 more
TL;DR: The discovery of the link between ZikV infection and UPR activation has a broader relevance, since this pathway plays a crucial role in many distinct cellular processes and its induction by ZIKV may account for several reported ZIKv-associated defects.
Acute infection of mice with Clostridium difficile leads to eIF2α phosphorylation and pro-survival signalling as part of the mucosal inflammatory response
Amir A. Sadighi Akha,Casey M. Theriot,John R. Erb-Downward,Andrew J. McDermott,Nicole R. Falkowski,Heather M. Tyra,D. Thomas Rutkowski,Vincent B. Young,Gary B. Huffnagle +8 more
TL;DR: Data underscore the local, innate, pro‐inflammatory nature of the response to C. difficile and highlight eIF2α phosphorylation and the interleukin‐22–pSTAT3–RegIIIγ axis as two of the pathways that could be used to contain and counteract the damage inflicted on the intestinal epithelium.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Macrophages: The Vicious Circle of Lipid Accumulation and Pro-Inflammatory Response
Vasily N. Sukhorukov,Victoria A. Khotina,Mariam Bagheri Ekta,Ekaterina A. Ivanova,Igor A. Sobenin,Alexander N. Orekhov +5 more
TL;DR: The underlying mechanisms of ER stress formation and the interplay of lipid accumulation and pro-inflammatory response are discussed, which will specifically focus on macrophages, which are the key players in maintaining chronic inflammatory milieu in atherosclerotic lesions, and also a major source of lipid-accumulating foam cells.
Cardioprotective effect of Vitex negundo on isoproterenol-induced myocardial necrosis in wistar rats: A dual approach study.
TL;DR: P21 activated kinase 1 (PAK1) is identified as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI), where its expression is decreased when MI is induced with isoproterenol (ISO), which was brought back normal with pretreatment of Vitex negundo leaf ethanolic extract (VNE).
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