Journal Article10.1364/JOSA.38.000766
Formation of Optical Images by X-Rays
Paul Kirkpatrick,Albert V. Baez +1 more
1.2K
TL;DR: Several conceivable methods for the formation of optical images by x-rays are considered, and a method employing concave mirrors is adopted as the most promising.
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Abstract: Several conceivable methods for the formation of optical images by x-rays are considered, and a method employing concave mirrors is adopted as the most promising. A concave spherical mirror receiving radiation at grazing incidence (a necessary arrangement with x-rays) images a point into a line in accordance with a focal length f=Ri/2 where R is the radius of curvature and i the grazing angle. The image is subject to an aberration such that a ray reflected at the periphery of the mirror misses the focal point of central rays by a distance given approximately by S=1.5Mr2/R, where M is the magnification of the image and r is the radius of the mirror face. The theoretically possible resolving power is such as to resolve point objects separated by about 70A, a limit which is independent of the wave-length used. Point images of points and therefore extended images of extended objects may be produced by causing the radiation to reflect from two concave mirrors in series. Sample results are presented.
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Citations
Space- and time-resolved investigation of gain lines in Na-like copper
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TL;DR: In this article, the gain coefficient for four gain lines in sodium-like copper was investigated using the Asterix IV high-power iodine laser at Garching (wavelength 1.315 µm, pulse duration 450 ps).
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Kirkpatrick-Baez mirrors to focus hard X-rays in two dimensions as fabricated, tested and installed at the Advanced Photon Source.
Naresh Kujala,Shashidhara Marathe,Deming Shu,Bing Shi,Jun Qian,Evan Maxey,Lydia Finney,Albert T. Macrander,Lahsen Assoufid +8 more
TL;DR: The fabrication and metrology of the K-B mirrors are reported, as well as the focusing performances of the full mirrors-plus-mount set-up at both beamlines.
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Progress towards sub-micron hard x-ray imaging using elliptically bent mirrors
A.A. MacDowell,R. Celestre,Chang-Hwan Chang,K. Frank +3 more
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TL;DR: In this article, the use of mirrors with an elliptical curvature shows the most promise of providing a sub-micron white light focus, which opens many possibilities in diffraction and spectroscopic studies.
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TL;DR: The details of the eight-channel KB microscope, its optical and multilayer design, the assembly and alignment methods, and results of imaging in the laboratory and at the Shenguang-II Update laser facility are described.
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Microfocusing at the PG1 beamline at FLASH
Siarhei Dziarzhytski,Natalia Gerasimova,Rene Goderich,Tobias Mey,Ruben Reininger,Michael Rübhausen,Frank Siewert,Holger Weigelt,Günter Brenner +8 more
TL;DR: The Kirkpatrick–Baez (KB) refocusing mirrors unit at the PG1 beamline at FLASH has been newly designed, developed and fully commissioned.
References
X-ray optics.
TL;DR: The production of a finely focused beam which could be used to investigate both the action of X-rays on biological and other objects and the small-angle scattering from large molecules or fine powders is proposed.