Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS)

Question

1. What is the main role of a shunt transformer in a UPFC?

2. What is the main function of the shunt converter?

3. What are the contributions in this paper?

4. What are the main benefits of FACTS?

Accepted Answer

The special interconnection transformers are used to neutralize harmonics contained in the square waves generated by the individual converters.

Accepted Answer

The main role of the shunt converter is to regulate voltage at DC link in order to inject the required reactive power flow into the line and to balance the active power flow exchanged between the series converter and the transmission line.

Accepted Answer

These factors have engineered the onward research on designing power networks to provide maximum transmission capacity at minimum cost.. This paper will discuss basically the importance of FACTS in their networks, its components, the earliest technology used – Static VAR Compensator ( SVC ), and the most recent technology used – Unified Power Flow Controller ( UPFC ).

Accepted Answer

Since FACTS has the characteristic of stability, renewable power generation could easily be connected to the grids with the aid of FACTS and thus fulfill the necessary grid code demands. [2]

Accepted Answer

The primary objective of the control system is to determine the SVC susceptance needed in the point of connection to the power system, in order to keep the system voltage close to the desired value.

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Its distinctive factor is the ability to provide reactive power for a variety of situations, thereby helping to maintain or even restore grids to stable operating conditions.

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The SSSC technology is used as the series connection of a UPFC, which is connected in series with the transmission line through a coupling transformer.

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Two technologies are popularly used for VSCs and are [6]:a. GTO-based square-wave converters and special interconnection transformers.

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The control system also includes supervision of currents and voltages in different branches [3].D. SVC Thyristor Valves Various types of thyristors, such as Phase Controlled or Bidirectional control thyristors are available for utilization in an SVC.

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In this type of VSC, the fundamental voltage component is proportional to the DC voltage; hence, DC voltage is varied to control the injected voltage.b. IGBT-based Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) converters.

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DC voltage used in this type of converter is fixed and its voltage is varied by changing the modulation index of the PWM modulator.a.

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Among the driving forces of this development are - a rapid increase in inter-utility and inter-regional power transfer, demanding power corridors often of considerable lengths and of considerable power transmission capability, this in conjunction with the growing constraints on building new transmission lines due to economical and environmental considerations.

Accepted Answer

With a proper choice of devices from the FACTS family, optimum AC grid interconnection can be enabled, meaning that:1. Power transmission capability as well as power availability can be increased and; 2. Transmission losses can be drastically reduced4

Accepted Answer

SVC was first installed in 1974 in Nebraska-USA byGeneral Electric and in 1975 in Minnesota by Westinghouse Electric (now Siemens Power Generation Inc.)b. Extra High Voltage (EHV) was first installed in 1984 (500kV NGH, SSR-Damping) in California by Siemensc.

Accepted Answer

The thyristorFlexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS)Therese Uzochukwuamaka Okeke and Ramy Georgious ZaherUniversity of Oviedo, SpainS2 switch present in TSC acts to connect or disconnect the capacitor bank for an integral number of half-cycles of the applied voltage.

Accepted Answer

FACTS have been proven useful from technical, economic and environmental points of view, to increase the utilization and stability of transmission systems.

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As mentioned earlier, its main role is to regulate voltage at the DC link, just so that the required reactive power can be injected (by the SSSC).b. SSSC contribution to UPFC

Accepted Answer

STATCOM acts as this source of energy needed by an SSSC, hence, leaving an SSSC with the responsibility of compensating reactive power [5].

Accepted Answer

The first breakthrough of UPFC occurred in 1998 with an installation carried out by American Electric Power (AEP), Westinghouse Electric (now Siemens Power Generation Inc.) and the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) at the Inez Station in Kentucky-USA [7, 8].f.

Accepted Answer

The best attribute to this technology is its cost containment as compared to installing new transmission lines, plus the time factor attached to the installation.

Accepted Answer

to utilize this connection in a UPFC, a source of energy is required for providing and maintaining the DC voltage across the DC capacitor seen in Figure 2 and compensation of SSSC losses.

Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS)

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Most frequently asked questions

1. What is the main role of a shunt transformer in a UPFC?

2. What is the main function of the shunt converter?

3. What are the contributions in this paper?

4. What are the main benefits of FACTS?

5. What is the primary objective of the control system?

6. What is the distinctive factor of UPFC?

7. What is the role of a shunt connection of a UPFC?

8. What are the two technologies used for UPFCs?

9. What is the main purpose of the SVC control system?

10. What is the main role of a shunt converter?

11. What is the main function of a shunt converter?

12. What is the main driving force of UPFC?

13. What is the main advantage of FACTS?

14. When was the first UPFC installed in Nebraska?

15. What is the purpose of the thyristor?

16. What is the important aspect of FACTS?

17. What is the role of SSSC in UPFC?

18. What is the role of a shunt connection in a UPFC?

19. What was the first breakthrough of UPFC?

20. What is the attribute to UPFC?

21. What is the main role of a shunt connection in a UPFC?

Figures

Citations

Transient energy dissipation and damping improvement using STATCOM & SSSC

A novel component minimized converters for unified power flow controller

Design and Comparison of a Novel Controller Based on Control Lyapunov Function and a New Sliding Mode Controller for Robust Power Flow Control Using UPFC

V2G technology to design a virtual UPFC

A method of /spl mu/GA combined neighboring search for approaching to an optimal type selection and placement of a FACTS device for power system stabilizing purpose in a multimachine power system

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